on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG). First, we describe the competition regulations and the software framework. Then, the five best teams describe the methods of computational intelligence they used to develop their drivers and the lessons they learned from the participation in the championship. The organizers provide short summaries of the other competitors. Finally, we summarize the championship results, followed by a discussion about what the organizers learned about 1) the development of high-performing car racing controllers and 2) the organization of scientific competitions.

Knowledge is not passively received but actively built up by the cognizing subject (Ernst von Glasersfeld 1995: 18) Paper type: Conceptual perspective. Background(s): Physics, biology, epistemology Perspectives: Theory of autopoietic systems, Popperian evolutionary epistemology and the biology of cognition. Context: This paper is a contribution to developing the theories of hierarchically complex living systems and the natures of knowledge in such systems. Problem: Dissonance between the literatures of knowledge management and organization theory and my observations of the living organization led to consideration of foundation questions: What does it mean to be alive? What is knowledge? How are life and knowledge related? Method: The approach is synthetic and multidisciplinary. The concept of autopoiesis (as defined by Maturana) as a definition for life, and knowledge as a product of autopoiesis are developed from first principles regarding the behavior of dynamical systems in time. Results: Autopoiesis and the construction of knowledge are inseparable aspects of physical phenomena scalable to many levels of organization (e.g., cells, multicellular organisms, organizations, social systems, etc.). The result unifies theories of epistemology, physical dynamics, life, biological evolution, knowledge and social systems. Implications: Results highlight the importance to understand autopoiesis as first defined by Maturana and Varela – as a complex physical phenomenon persisting over time. Autopoietic “self-observation ” is not paradoxical. As dynamic physical processes, any internal/external activities relating to “observations ” are displaced in time. The worlds living systems act on are not those observed. “Circularly closed ” systems are actually open spirals along the axis of time.

Predictions, desires, or intentions have recently shown to strongly influence behavior, adaptation, and learning. These anticipations influence behavior mediating decision making and action execution as well as attention. Although it is not the future itself that influences the present but the anticipated future states or future properties, the difference to purely stimulus driven behavior and learning is highly significant. Most recent analyses investigate when and where anticipations are helpful to improve behavior. The discovery of environmental properties that favor anticipatory behavior are crucial to understand when and where which adaptive mechanisms work best. The impact on the understanding of the world, social systems, human learning and understanding, as well as education principles might be immense. The perspective of purpose as part of the cause in the general case might have been underestimated and requires further investigations and considerations. Anticipatory Behavior Anticipations mediate behavior. Purpose directs attention. Predictions influence learning. Expectations predispose the mind and body. Desires bias or cause motivations. Intentions initiate

To survive and flourish in a changing and unpredictable world, organizations and people must maintain strategic power over necessary resources- often in the face of competition. Knowledge contributes to that strategic power. Without vigilance to maintain its currency and accuracy, the value of knowledge depreciates as circumstances change over time. Karl Popper's evolutionary epistemology and Maturana and Varela's concept of autopoiesis provide a paradigmatic framework for considering the roles and importance of time in constructing knowledge and using it to maintain strategic power. Following Popper, knowledge is constructed, used and evaluated via cyclically-iterated processes. We introduce nine timebased frames of reference based in this Popperian autopoietic paradigm to explore the relationships between time and a utility-based valuation of knowledge as it is constructed and applied. We believe this framework and associated paradigmatically consistent vocabulary provide useful tools for analysing organizational knowledge management needs.

My work was motivated by two main ideas that can be summarized in two sentences. The first key sentence is “anticipation is not matter of a single mechanism in a living organism- it happens on many different levels”. The second pillar of my work is the fact that “anticipation happens even without voluntary control”. The combination of these two sentences is the most important point in my work and together forms my original approach to anticipation. I believe that this brings novelty for the anticipation theory. Naturally research of anticipation at the beginning of this decade was focused on the anticipatory principles bringing advances on the field itself. This allowed me to build on those, look at them from a higher perspective, and use not one, but several levels of anticipation in a creature design. In this work I will present my unified theory for anticipation and describe eight different types of anticipation ordered in a semi-hierarchical structure. I call this approach the 8-Factor Anticipation. This presents another original idea in this work and that is the agent architecture that has anticipation built in almost every function. I will describe these categories and demonstrate them in detail with examples and verify them in simulations. My 8-factor anticipatory behaviour approach is based on the current