this paper. MISQ Review articles survey, conceptualize, and synthesize prior MIS research and set directions for future research. For more details see http://www.misq.org/misreview/announce.html The associated web site for this paper is located at http://misq.org/misreview/teeni.shtml communication to a view that assesses the balance between medium and message form. There is also a need to look more closely at the process of communication in order to identify more precisely any potential areas of computer support

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Although organizational innovation with information technology is often carefully considered, bandwagon phenomena indicate that much innovative behavior may nevertheless be of the “me too” variety. In this essay, we explore such differences in innovative behavior. Adopting a perspective that is both institutional and cognitive, we introduce the notion of mindful innovation with IT. A mindful firm attends to an IT innovation with reasoning 1 Jane Webster was the accepting senior editor for this paper. Swanson & Ramiller/Innovating Mindfully with IT RESEARCH ARTICLE grounded in its own organizational facts and specifics. We contrast this with mindless innovation, where a firm’s actions betray an absence of such attention and grounding. We develop these concepts by drawing on the recent appearance of the idea of mindfulness in the organizational literature, and adapting it for application to IT innovation. We then bring mindfulness and mindlessness together in a larger theoretical synthesis in which these apparent opposites are seen to interact in ways that help to shape the overall landscape of opportunity for organizational innovation with IT. We conclude by suggesting several promising new research directions.

Based on a survey (N=392) of adoption of B2B ecommerce within the up-stream part of the Danish grocery sector value chain, this paper shows that technical-rational arguments and organizational readiness hold explanatory strength for adoption whereas the power and market perspective fails to explain adoption of e-commerce. Also, we found that factors that can explain e-commerce adoption fail to explain any pattern in the adoption data for the Web-EDI subset of ecommerce. Further on, the paper calls for a careful examination on how we design future studies. The paper suggests that rather than just replicating variables from previous generations of B2B e-commerce, focus should be directed towards a new set of variables for explaining the uptake of XML-based e-commerce.

E-market in this paper is regarded an innovation. Traditionally, researchers studying the diffusion of information technology innovations regard “adoption ” of technologies by individual and organizations the dependent variable. This paper breaking away from tradition quips what if we regard critical mass the dependent variable? Critical mass seems an appealing dependent variable for an e-market can attain critical mass only when adequate number of end users adopt and participate. However, critical mass can be regarded the dependent variable only when we are able to predictively measure critical mass. Potential adopters ’ expectation regarding an e-market’s profitability is proposed a measure for critical mass. Critical mass is explained here a moving target. The exact point in time at which an e-market would attain critical mass cannot be specified just as the market equilibrium in reality cannot be specified. The dynamics of attaining critical mass and not critical mass per se should be of interest just as it is about market equilibrium. Can critical mass theory as applied in this paper be used for researching the emergence of open source communities? When then does an open source community attain critical mass?

The World Wide Web has become the medium of choice for the distribution and use of information by individuals, teams, organizations, and communities. Web sites—the collection of web pages that make up the World Wide Web—are the fundamental means by which that information is retrieved and distributed. Understanding the factors that impact the complexity of a web site is a key step toward effective retrieval and distribution of information and its ultimate use in collaborative activity. This paper proposes three major dimensions of factors that impact the complexity of a web site: (1) cognition, (2) content, and (3) form. These three dimensions and their associated factors comprise how individuals perceive a web site, the content that is located at the site, and the manner in which the web site is constructed. A model and associated propositions are presented, and implications of this approach for research and practice are discussed. This multidimensional view of web site complexity provides a richer approach to understanding how complexity might be examined and, ultimately, reduced. This paper relates to collaborative work through individuals and their interaction with a web site. This interaction is, in fact, a communication between the individual using a web site and an individual, group, or organization responsible for the design of the web site. Additionally, the individual perspective is a necessary starting point for collaborative use between and among people.

The need to develop a strategy for e-business applications is an important facet of doing business especially where organizations can provide value-added services to the customer base. In this paper, we identify key value-added e-business applications and focus on success factors that clearly support small enterprise goals. Performance factors are presented that show the impact of e-business applications on the organization’s bottom-line. The case study in this paper uses a methodology of direct observation, unstructured interviews and document review to gather data for identifying issues in starting a small business using the Internet. The case organization provides services around office and business support, energy consulting, and Web development. The formation of International Business Solutions has been difficult due to the banking system, work culture, and infrastructure of Ukraine. IT issues investigated include telecommunications, energy, hardware, software, and the availability of technical skill sets. e-Business issues that were found to be important in this study include: (1) difficulty of the user interface, (2) a lack of a planning process for e-business applications, (3) development and testing concerns, (4) finding the web site and a lack of branding, and (5) the lack of evidence to support a formal budgeting process. We conclude with recommendations for enabling IT success in the Ukraine and focus on the need for a well-designed Web presence for the case organization. 1.

Intel, Microsoft, and the U.S. Department of Defense. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Migration to Open-Standard Interorganizational Systems: Network Effects, Switching Costs, and Path Dependency This study examines firms ’ migration across interorganizational systems (IOS) that are built on standards with relatively different degrees of openness. As firms seek to improve inter-firm coordination using network technologies, open standards are becoming increasingly important. To better understand the process of standards diffusion, we investigate the migration from relatively less open IOS (i.e., electronic data interchange or EDI) to open-standard IOS (i.e., the Internet). Viewing the decision to adopt openstandard IOS in economic terms (benefits vs. costs), we develop a conceptual model of open-standard IOS adoption that features network effects, expected benefits, and adoption costs as prominent antecedents. Theoretical work in economics suggests that network effects are a determinant of network adoption, yet the extant literature falls short of empirical testing of the theory. We examine our conceptual

Developing information systems normally requires feasibility and demand analysis before the designing phase. Particularly when the information systems are to be adopted for the purpose of supply chain management, the preliminarily analyses have to identify current operation processes and look into the constraints of enterprises capability to adapt ideal processes in a Business-to-Business (B2B) context. The Supply-Chain Operations Reference-model (SCOR) is a process reference model that has been endorsed by the Supply-Chain Council as a standard tool and is widely used for the industrial projects of supply chain integration. It can help to diagnose interfirm flows especially when the geographical map is developed based on SCOR elements and the format of target supply chain. Although SCOR has provided many ‘best practices ’ in suggesting interorganisational behaviour, nevertheless, there is still some limitation in real world implementation for the nature of its referential feature. Therefore, this paper attempts to bridge current knowledge niche between the SCOR utilisation and information systems development in a case of global logistics management.

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