The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the existence of Web pages that provide machine-understandable meta-data. This meta-data is typically added in the semantic annotation process which is currently not part of the Web engineering process. Web engineering, however, proposes methodologies to design, implement and maintain Web applications but lack the generation of meta-data. In this paper we introduce a technique to extend existing Web engineering methodologies to develop semantically annotated Web pages. The novelty of this approach is the definition of a mapping from XML Schema to ontologies, called WEESA, that can be used to automatically generate RDF meta-data from XML content documents. We further show how we integrated the WEESA mapping into an Apache Cocoon transformer to easily extend XML based Web applications to semantically annotated Web application.

Abstract: Quality of Service (QoS) becomes necessary for service-oriented computing. Web Services Agreement (WSA) aims at defining a language and a protocol for advertising the capabilities of providers, creating agreements based on creational offers, and monitoring of QoS. On the other hand, semantic web provides many burgeoning techniques that enable services intelligent and automatic on the web. Therefore, we intend to integrate semantic web techniques with WSA management to utilize its advantages. In this paper, we present some works for this study. We illustrate how to specify WSA with ontology language instead of XML schema. With this, WSA can be domain ontology to describe knowledge of service agreement, and be a unified information model for it. In addition, an agent-based runtime framework is presented for WSA management, where all agents share the WSA ontology for exchange and negotiation. This improves interoperability between these agents. The negotiation rules and policies are specially described with Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) for web service, and agents negotiate with each other under steering of such rules and policies.

By now, XML has reached a wide acceptance as data exchange format in E-Business. An efficient collaboration between different participants in E-Business thus, is only possible, when business partners agree on a common syntax and have a common understanding of the basic concepts in the domain. XML covers the syntactic level, but lacks support for efficient sharing of conceptualizations. The Web Ontology Language (OWL [Bec04]) in turn supports the representation of domain knowledge using classes, properties and instances for the use in a distributed environment as the World Wide Web. We present in this paper a mapping between the data model elements of XML and OWL. We give account about its implementation within a ready-to-use XSLT framework, as well as its evaluation for common use cases.

This paper presents a flexible method to enrich and populate an existing OWL ontology from XML data. Basic mapping rules are defined in order to specify the conversion rules on properties. Advanced mapping rules are defined on XML schemas and OWL XML schema elements in order to define rules for the population process. In addition, this flexible method allows users to reuse rules for other conversions and populations. 1.

Service-oriented architectures have evolved to support the composition and utilisation of heterogeneous resources, such as services and data repositories, whose deployment can span both physical and organisational boundaries. The Semantic Web Service paradigm facilitates the construction of workflows over such resources using annotations that express the meaning of the service through a shared conceptualisation. While this aids non-expert users in the composition of meaningful workflows, sophisticated middle-ware is required as service providers and consumers often assume different data formats for conceptually equivalent information. When syntactic mismatches occur, some form of workflow harmonisation is required to ensure that data format incompatibilities are resolved, a step we refer to as syntactic mediation. Current solutions are entirely manual; users must consider the low-level (i.e. data format) interoperability issues and insert Type Adaptor components into the workflow by hand, contradicting the Semantic Web Service ideology. By exploiting the fact that services are connected together based on shared conceptual interfaces, it is possible to associate a canonical data model with these shared concepts, providing the basis for workflow harmonisation through an intermediary data model. To investigate this hypothesis, we have developed a formalism to express the mapping of elements between data models in a modular and composable fashion that facilitates mapping reuse. We present our mapping language (FXML-M) and give both its precise semantics, the rules that define the transformation process they dictate, and present an evaluation of an implementation of the approach with respect to other mapping mechanisms.

Abstract. Designing an ontology for a specific domain is a time-consuming process. In many cases, information sources like XML Schemas serve as a basis for ontology engineers to conceptualize the intended ontologies. The ontology design process is sped up significantly when XML Schemas are transformed automatically into generated ontologies. An XML Schema Metamodel Ontology has been designed to represent the components of the XML Schema abstract data model. The generated ontologies ’ classes are defined as sub classes of this ontology. The classes specified for the generated ontologies are intended to be further supplemented with additional semantic and domain specific information defined in domain ontologies. The resulting ontologies are as usable as ontologies that were constructed completely manual, but with a fraction of necessary effort.