theoretically grounded framework for trust in electronic environments. An overview of the research on trust is presented, examining the nature of the concept, its definition, and the factors and processes that contribute to trust. The result is an integrated model that provides a comprehensive framework for trust in a variety of settings. This general model of trust is then applied to four domains within electronic environments: information, information systems, electronic commerce, and online relationships.

Government Affairs and Policy This paper explores the dynamics of trust, collaboration, and knowledge sharing in the context of a multigovernmental, interorganizational project to design and implement a new information system. Drawing on research and a case study of a successful project, the authors construct a system dynamics model and simulate a base case scenario. They then explore several scenarios in which trust, knowledge of other agencies ’ work, and skill in meeting facilitation are varied, and they theorize about why certain facilitation attributes and objects can effectively build cross-boundary trust and collaboration. 1.

This paper presents a model of interpersonal trust dynamics, grounded in a longitudinal case study of an interorganizational information technology development project in New York State 1. System dynamics is the simulation method selected in this theory-building effort, based on qualitative data collected by the Center for Technology in Government. The model integrates concepts from economic models, as well as psychological and sociological theories about trust, learning, and perceptual processes in interpersonal relations. The simulation experiments show plausible path dependent behaviors with the characteristic asymmetries between trust and distrust described both in the literature an in the case data. The role of trust and knowledge development in the success of these projects will be explored by combining models of sub processes into larger models of the overall collaboration. The value of the model as a theory building tool will be enhanced by extended data collection and combining with related process models.

This paper describes the development and testing of a system dynamics model of collaboration, trust building, and knowledge sharing in a complex, intergovernmental information system project. The model building and

In this paper, we analyze the role of trust in knowledge sharing decisions. Based on experiences in a practical implementation of knowledge sharing support in a organization, we provide a basic model of trust in terms of the beliefs of the trusting party, both in its role as knowledge supplier and knowledge receiver. The model takes into account different aspects of the knowledge, the characteristics of the exchange partner (e.g., competence and integrity) and contextual factors. We have used this model to organize the features of Castelfranchi’s socio-cognitive knowledge-sharing operations [3]. The overall goal of the framework is to provide a starting point for an analysis of the role of personal attitudes in the successes and failures of organizational knowledge flows.

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Application of e-business concepts and models can be successful, but anecdotal evidence has indicated numerous failures. In this paper we use a framework (the I-Frame) to analyze a bestpractice implementation of a buyer-owned electronic trading exchange at Komatsu America Corp. – Peoria Manufacturing Operations (KAC-PMO). The I-Frame is derived from five existing models in the literature and describes the benefits and factors for successful implementation of Internet-based purchasing of direct materials through a buyer-owned electronic trading exchange. The I-Frame views benefits and success factors from different angles: business process, purchasing costs, product quality, technology, organization, and trust between business partners. To large extent the benefits and success factors in the KAC-PMO case can be recognized in the I-Frame. Moreover the I-Frame contains ideas for the further enhancement of purchasing at KAC-PMO. In general, purchasing managers could use the I-Frame when investigating possibilities for improvements in the procurement business function. Through future research the I-Frame can be enhanced.

ii In this dissertation I develop a theoretical model on the effects of risk on the formation of trust in the initial stages of a relationship. Risk is proposed to influence trust in two ways: First, risk exerts a direct influence on trust. Risk may decrease trust, increase trust, or increase trust under specific conditions. Second, risk may affect the level of trust indirectly by influencing the effect of social stimuli on the formation of trust. In this second indirect effect of risk, risk is first proposed to influence the content of trust, or what trust is about as represented in the importance a trustor attaches to benevolence or ability. Moreover and related to the effect of risk on the form of trust, risk is further proposed to affect what people seek to know or the informational goals people adopt, and the interpretive schemas people use while processing social stimuli. In describing the indirect effect of risk on the formation of trust, I differentiate between rolebased and personal trust. Role-based trust emphasizes ability and reliability and is vested in people’s structural expectations toward social and professional roles. Personal trust emphasizes benevolence and is vested in a trustor’s appraisal of the personal traits and motivations of a trustee. High risk, I argue will activate personal trust, and cause people to interpret information in light of a person schema whereas low risk is proposed to activate rolebased trust and should cause people to interpret information in light of a role schema. Unlike conventional models of trust formation and development, which see trust as being based on declarative knowledge; the present model argue that trust in the initial stages of a relationship will be based on people’s experience with information processing and their experiences of fluency in information processing and relevance. Social stimuli that are structurally congruent with active interpretive schemas as well as relevant to active informational goals will increase trust whereas incongruent and irrelevant information should reduce trust. iii iv

anticipating others' needs or actions to achieve successful outcomes (Sheppard & Sherman, 1998). Uncertainty is particularly high in geographically distributed groups. Because of delays in remote communication, feedback about others' behaviors is difficult to obtain (Kraut, Egido, & Galegher, 1990; Ruhleder & Jordan, 1999). With delayed feedback or inaccurate feedback, messages require a few iterations for clarification (Clark & Brennan, 1990). Some messages are long, making a response effortful and time consuming. When important information is lost, it can create the appearance of members acting independently or "hiding" their need for interdependence (DeSanctis et al., 1999). Hidden interdependence, in turn, can reduce coordination (Serfaty, Entin, & Johnston, 1998), and trust in others and commitment to group goals (Sheppard & Sherman, 1998). In distributed groups, members may need to actively monitor others' activities to keep informed about the work of the group and what other me

The notion that effective relationships between groups improve coordination, cooperation and consequently performance has considerable appeal in a broad range of contexts. In particular, partnerships are viewed as critical organizational mechanisms enabling information systems groups and their clients within organizations to utilize existing information technology investments already in place and to tap the potential offered by information technologies. This paper proposes a theoretical model drawing from socio-cognitive theory, highlighting a convergence in perspectives on key issues between the groups as the mechanism underlying partnerships. Data from a survey of 671 managers on both sides of IS-User relationships in multiple firms provides support for the model and the hypothesized relationship between convergence in perspectives and the performance of IS groups. In particular, the results suggest that a convergent assessment of the perspectives of IS groups by Users significantly enhances the performance of IS groups. This paper is among the first efforts in the IS literature to use dyadic data provided by both IS and User groups to understand IS-User relationships. Keywords: IS-User Partnerships, Social Cognition Theory, Perspective Taking, IS Performance