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VirtualPower: Coordinated Power Management in Virtualized Enterprise Systems
- In Proceedings of International Symposium on Operating System Principles (SOSP
, 2007
"... Power management has become increasingly necessary in large-scale datacenters to address costs and limitations in cooling or power delivery. This paper explores how to integrate power management mechanisms and policies with the virtualization technologies being actively deployed in these environment ..."
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Cited by 161 (12 self)
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Power management has become increasingly necessary in large-scale datacenters to address costs and limitations in cooling or power delivery. This paper explores how to integrate power management mechanisms and policies with the virtualization technologies being actively deployed in these environments. The goals of the proposed VirtualPower approach to online power management are (i) to support the isolated and independent operation assumed by guest virtual machines (VMs) running on virtualized platforms and (ii) to make it possible to control and globally coordinate the effects of the diverse power management policies applied by these VMs to virtualized resources. To attain these goals, VirtualPower extends to guest VMs ‘soft ’ versions of the hardware power states for which their policies are designed. The resulting technical challenge is to appropriately map VM-level updates made to soft power states to actual changes in the states or in the allocation of underlying virtualized hardware. An implementation of VirtualPower Management (VPM) for the Xen hypervisor addresses this challenge by provision of multiple system-level abstractions including VPM states, channels, mechanisms, and rules. Experimental evaluations on modern multicore platforms highlight resulting improvements in online power management capabilities, including minimization of power consumption with little or no performance penalties and the ability to throttle power consumption while still meeting application requirements. Finally, coordination of online methods for server consolidation with VPM management techniques in heterogeneous server systems is shown to provide up to 34% improvements in power consumption.
R.: Cloud-based augmentation for mobile devices: Motivation, taxonomies, and open challenges
- In: IEEE Communication Surveys & Tutorials. IEEE Communications Society Press, USA
"... approaches have gained remarkable ground from academia and industry. CMA is the state-of-the-art mobile augmentation model that employs resource-rich clouds to increase, enhance, and optimize computing capabilities of mobile devices aiming at execution of resource-intensive mobile applications. Augm ..."
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Cited by 17 (3 self)
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approaches have gained remarkable ground from academia and industry. CMA is the state-of-the-art mobile augmentation model that employs resource-rich clouds to increase, enhance, and optimize computing capabilities of mobile devices aiming at execution of resource-intensive mobile applications. Augmented mobile devices envision to perform extensive computations and to store big data beyond their intrinsic capabilities with least footprint and vulnerability. Researchers utilize varied cloud-based computing resources (e.g., distant clouds and nearby mobile nodes) to meet various computing requirements of mobile users. However, employing cloud-based computing resources is not a straightforward panacea. Comprehending critical factors (e.g., current state of mobile client and remote resources) that impact on augmentation process and optimum selection of cloud-based resource types are some challenges that hinder CMA
A survey of current directions in service placement in mobile ad-hoc networks
- in IEEE PERCOM ’08, Hong Kong, March 17-21 2008
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Idlepower: Application-Aware Management of Processor Idle States
- In Proceedings of MMCS, in conjunction with HPDC’08
, 2008
"... Power has become the first class design constraint in modern processor design. To reduce the power density caused by aggressive, speculative execution seen in previous processor generations, computer architects have turned to a multicore design strategy with each core substantially simplified. Addit ..."
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Cited by 6 (1 self)
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Power has become the first class design constraint in modern processor design. To reduce the power density caused by aggressive, speculative execution seen in previous processor generations, computer architects have turned to a multicore design strategy with each core substantially simplified. Additionally, different power-saving features have been proposed and integrated into each core to adapt dynamic execution scenarios. Due in part to the independent nature of these cores, the power management has also become more flexible to further reduce the overall power consumption. With careful adaptation schemes, the system can save power by entering different idle states dynamically with minimal performance impact. Given the simultaneous emergence of virtualization technologies, the question, then, is how to effectively leverage these idle states in the context of multiple virtual machines (VMs) executing on multicore parts. Towards this end, we develop the IdlePower approach to managing idle states in virtualized systems. Our approach combines a novel batching algorithm that creates improved opportunities to enter deep idle states by removing unnecessary system wakeups depending upon monitored behavior of workloads. IdlePower also provides application awareness in another fashion by not only entering deep idle states based upon transition latencies, but also factoring in the performance degradation that can occur due to secondary effects such as data loss in cache structures. We extend the use of Bloom filters with IdlePower to detect application characteristics for dynamically predicting whether deep idle states are worthwhile based upon possible performance implications. Overall, IdlePower is shown to improve residencies in the deepest C3 idle state by up to 10%, and to avoid performance degradations in workloads of up to 26%. 1.
Exploiting 4G Mobile User Cooperation for Energy Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities
"... Abstract-Recent years have witnessed tremendous success and popularity of mobile applications and services, resulting in an explosive growth in the number of mobile devices, as well as in the range and types of things these devices can do. People nowadays become extremely dependent on their smartph ..."
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Abstract-Recent years have witnessed tremendous success and popularity of mobile applications and services, resulting in an explosive growth in the number of mobile devices, as well as in the range and types of things these devices can do. People nowadays become extremely dependent on their smartphones and handheld devices to access and receive online services. While computing and processing powers of these handheld devices are keeping up with this demand, battery lifetime remains the performance bottleneck, and researchers are now more challenged than ever before to come up with new techniques that can make efficient use of the devices' energy resources. In this article, we focus on exploiting user cooperation as a way of conserving energy in 4G mobile networks. We first begin by overviewing user cooperation and illustrating its potential for reducing energy consumption. Then, we describe the key challenges 4G mobile users face vis-a-vis of cooperation. Finally, we discuss some of the techniques proposed in literature to address these challenges by highlighting their methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages. Index Terms-Cooperative networking, energy efficiency, mobile 4G networks.
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION 1 Cloud-Based Augmentation for Mobile Devices: Motivation, Taxonomies, and Open Challenges
"... approaches have gained remarkable ground from academia and industry. CMA is the state-of-the-art mobile augmentation model that employs resource-rich clouds to increase, enhance, and optimize computing capabilities of mobile devices aiming at execution of resource-intensive mobile applications. Augm ..."
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approaches have gained remarkable ground from academia and industry. CMA is the state-of-the-art mobile augmentation model that employs resource-rich clouds to increase, enhance, and optimize computing capabilities of mobile devices aiming at execution of resource-intensive mobile applications. Augmented mobile devices envision to perform extensive computations and to store big data beyond their intrinsic capabilities with least footprint and vulnerability. Researchers utilize varied cloudbased computing resources (e.g., distant clouds and nearby mobile nodes) to meet various computing requirements of mobile users. However, employing cloud-based computing resources is not a straightforward panacea. Comprehending critical factors (e.g., current state of mobile client and remote resources) that impact on augmentation process and optimum selection of cloudbased resource types are some challenges that hinder CMA
ABSTRACT VirtualPower: Coordinated Power Management in
"... Power management has become increasingly necessary in large-scale datacenters to address costs and limitations in cooling or power delivery. This paper explores how to integrate power management mechanisms and policies with the virtualization technologies being actively deployed in these environment ..."
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Power management has become increasingly necessary in large-scale datacenters to address costs and limitations in cooling or power delivery. This paper explores how to integrate power management mechanisms and policies with the virtualization technologies being actively deployed in these environments. The goals of the proposed VirtualPower approach to online power management are (i) to support the isolated and independent operation assumed by guest virtual machines (VMs) running on virtualized platforms and (ii) to make it possible to control and globally coordinate the effects of the diverse power management policies applied by these VMs to virtualized resources. To attain these goals, VirtualPower extends to guest VMs ‘soft ’ versions of the hardware power states for which their policies are designed. The resulting technical challenge is to appropriately map VM-level updates made to soft power states to actual changes in the states or in the allocation of underlying virtualized hardware. An implementation of VirtualPower Management (VPM) for the Xen hypervisor addresses this challenge by provision of multiple system-level abstractions including VPM states, channels, mechanisms, and rules. Experimental evaluations on modern multicore platforms highlight resulting improvements in online power management capabilities, including minimization of power consumption with little or no performance penalties and the ability to throttle power consumption while still meeting application requirements. Finally, coordination of online methods for server consolidation with VPM management techniques in heterogeneous server systems is shown to provide up to 34% improvements in power consumption.
This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS—PART B: CYBERNETICS 1 Correspondence State-Feedback Control
"... Abstract—In a 2002 paper, we combined fuzzy logic with discrete-event systems (DESs) and established an automaton model of fuzzy DESs (FDESs). The model can effectively represent deterministic uncertainties and vagueness, as well as human subjective observation and judgment inherent to many real-wor ..."
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Abstract—In a 2002 paper, we combined fuzzy logic with discrete-event systems (DESs) and established an automaton model of fuzzy DESs (FDESs). The model can effectively represent deterministic uncertainties and vagueness, as well as human subjective observation and judgment inherent to many real-world problems, particularly those in biomedicine. We also investigated optimal control of FDESs and applied the results to optimize HIV/AIDS treatments for individual patients. Since then, other researchers have investigated supervisory control problems in FDESs, and several results have been obtained. These results are mostly derived by extending the traditional supervisory control of (crisp) DESs, which are string based. In this paper, we develop state-feedback control of FDESs that is different from the supervisory control extensions. We use state space to describe the system behaviors and use state feedback in control. Both disablement and enforcement are allowed. Furthermore, we study controllability based on the state space and prove that a controller exists if and only if the controlled system behavior is (state-based) controllable. We discuss various properties of the state-based controllability. Aside from novelty, the proposed new framework has the advantages of being able to address a wide range of practical problems that cannot be effectively dealt with by existing approaches. We use the diabetes treatment as an example to illustrate some key aspects of our theoretical results. Index Terms—Controllability, discrete-event systems, fuzzy logic, statefeedback control. I.
Computation Offloading: Overview, Frameworks and Challenges
"... In spite of major advances in a mobile cloud computing, applications are still very limited due to poor computation processing power, memory and limited battery life of a mobile device. Recently, offloading computation intensive task to the cloud has become a great solution to improve both battery l ..."
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In spite of major advances in a mobile cloud computing, applications are still very limited due to poor computation processing power, memory and limited battery life of a mobile device. Recently, offloading computation intensive task to the cloud has become a great solution to improve both battery life and performance of mobile devices. Offloading makes use of quality of services concept to remove mobile application limitations. This paper covers overview, frameworks and challenges of computation offloading. General Terms Overview, process, frameworks and challenges.