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We discuss the conceptual problem of identifying the natural notions of computability at higher types (over the natural numbers). We argue for an eclectic approach, in which one considers a wide range of possible approaches to defining higher type computability and then looks for regularities. As a first step in this programme, we give an extended survey of the di#erent strands of research on higher type computability to date, bringing together material from recursion theory, constructive logic and computer science. The paper thus serves as a reasonably complete overview of the literature on higher type computability. Two sequel papers will be devoted to developing a more systematic account of the material reviewed here.

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A number of authors have exported domain-theoretic techniques from denotational semantics to the operational study of contextual equivalence and order. We further develop this, and, moreover, we additionally export topological techniques. In particular, we work with an operational notion of compact set and show that total programs with values on certain types are uniformly continuous on compact sets of total elements. We apply this and other conclusions to prove the correctness of non-trivial programs that manipulate infinite data. What is interesting is that the development applies to sequential programming languages, in addition to languages with parallel features. 1

In this paper I compare two well studied approaches to topological semantics| the domain-theoretic approach, exemplied by the category of countably based equilogical spaces, Equ, and Type Two Eectivity, exemplied by the category of Baire space representations, Rep(B ). These two categories are both locally cartesian closed extensions of countably based T 0 -spaces. A natural question to ask is how they are related.

this paper) and it was described by means of tripos theory right from the beginnings of that theory, see, e.g., [17, Section 1.5, item (ii)]. Recently there has been a renewed interest in Relative Realizability, both in Thomas Streicher's "Topos for Computable Analysis" [18] and in [2, 1, 4]. The idea is, that instead of doing realizability with one partial combinatory algebra A one uses an inclusion of partial combinatory algebras A ] ` A (such that there are combinators k; s 2 A ] which also serve as combinators for A), the principal point being that "(A ] -) computable" functions may also act on data (in A) that need not be computable

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This is the third in a series of papers on algebraic set theory, the aim of which is to develop a categorical semantics for constructive set theories, including predicative ones, based on the notion of a “predicative category with small maps”. 1 In the first paper in this series [8] we discussed how these predicative categories

We present a complete elementary axiomatization of local maps of toposes. 1

It is a fact of experience from the study of higher type computability that a wide range of approaches to defining a class of (hereditarily) total functionals over N leads in practice to a relatively small handful of distinct type structures. Among these are the type structure C of Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals, its effective substructure C eff, and the type structure HEO of the hereditarily effective operations. However, the proofs of the relevant equivalences are often non-trivial, and it is not immediately clear why these particular type structures should arise so ubiquitously. In this paper we present some new results which go some way towards explaining this phenomenon. Our results show that a large class of extensional collapse constructions always give rise to C, C eff or HEO (as appropriate). We obtain versions of our results for both the “standard” and “modified” extensional collapse constructions. The proofs make essential use of a technique due to Normann. Many new results, as well as some previously known ones, can be obtained as instances of our theorems, but more importantly, the proofs apply uniformly to a whole family of constructions, and provide strong evidence that the above three type structures are highly canonical mathematical objects.