The set A is low for Martin-Lof random if each random set is already random relative to A. A is K-trivial if the prefix complexity K of each initial segment of A is minimal, namely K(n)+O(1). We show that these classes coincide. This implies answers to questions of Ambos-Spies and Kucera [2], showing that each low for Martin-Lof random set is # 2 . Our class induces a natural intermediate # 3 ideal in the r.e. Turing degrees (which generates the whole class under downward closure). Answering

We answer a question of Ambos-Spies and Kučera in the affirmative. They asked whether, when a real is low for Schnorr randomness, it is already low for Schnorr tests.

Four classes of sets have been introduced independently by various researchers: low for K, low for ML-randomness, basis for ML-randomness and K-trivial. They are all equal. This survey serves as an introduction to these coincidence results, obtained in [24] and [10]. The focus is on providing backdoor access to the proofs. 1. Outline of the results All sets will be subsets of N unless otherwise stated. K(x) denotes the prefix free complexity of a string x. A set A is K-trivial if, within a constant, each initial segment of A has minimal prefix free complexity. That is, there is c ∈ N such that ∀n K(A ↾ n) ≤ K(0 n) + c. This class was introduced by Chaitin [5] and further studied by Solovay (unpublished). Note that the particular effective epresentation of a number n by a string (unary here) is irrelevant, since up to a constant K(n) is independent from the representation. A is low for Martin-Löf randomness if each Martin-Löf random set is already Martin-Löf random relative to A. This class was defined in Zambella [28], and studied by Kučera and Terwijn [17]. In this survey we will see that the two classes are equivalent [24]. Further concepts have been introduced: to be a basis for ML-randomness (Kučera [16]), and to be low for K (Muchnik jr, in a seminar at Moscow State, 1999). They will also be eliminated, by showing equivalence with K-triviality. All

Abstract. Strong jump traceability has been studied by various authors. In this paper we study a variant of strong jump traceability by looking at a partial relativization of traceability. We discover a new subclass H of the c.e. K-trivials with some interesting properties. These sets are computationally very weak, but yet contains a cuppable member. Surprisingly they cannot be constructed using cost functions, and is the first known example of a subclass of the K-trivials which does not contain any promptly simple member. Furthermore there is a single c.e. set which caps every member of H, demonstrating that they are in fact very far away from being promptly simple. 1.

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Abstract. We examine some recent work which has made significant progress in out understanding of algorithmic randomness, relative algorithmic randomness and their relationship with algorithmic computability and relative algorithmic computability.