The Universal Function Theorem (UFT) originated in 1930s with the work of Alan Turing, who proved the existence of a universal Turing machine for computations on strings over a finite alphabet. This stimulated the development of stored-program computers. Classical computability theory, including the UFT and the theory of semicomputable sets, has been extended by Tucker and Zucker to abstract manysorted algebras, with algorithms formalized as deterministic While programs. This paper investigates the extension of this work to the nondeterministic programming languages While RA consisting of While programs extended by random assignments, as well as sublanguages of While RA formed by restricting the random assignments to booleans or naturals only. It also investigates the nondeterministic language GC of guarded commands. There are two topics algebras in these languages; (2) concepts of semicomputability for these languages, and the extent to which they coincide with semicomputability for the deterministic While language. data types, abstract computability, random assignments, guarded commands, nondeterminism.

We describe axiomatizations of several aspects of effectiveness: effectiveness of transitions; effectiveness relative to oracles; and absolute effectiveness, as posited by the Church-Turing Thesis. Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right things. —Peter F. Drucker

Over the past two decades, Yuri Gurevich and his colleagues have formulated axiomatic foundations for the notion of algorithm, be it classical, interactive, or parallel, and formalized them in the new generic framework of abstract state machines. This approach has recently been extended to suggest a formalization of the notion of effective computation over arbitrary countable domains. The central notions are summarized herein. 1

Branch-coverage testability transformation for unstructured programs

Abstract—Can we reuse some of the huge code-base developed in C to take advantage of modern programming language features such as type safety, object-orientation, and contracts? This paper presents a source-to-source translation of C code into Eiffel, a modern object-oriented programming language, and the supporting tool C2Eif. The translation is completely automatic and supports the entire C language (ANSI, as well as many GNU C Compiler extensions, through CIL) as used in practice, including its usage of native system libraries and inlined assembly code. Our experiments show that C2Eif can handle C applications and libraries of significant size (such as vim and libgsl), as well as challenging benchmarks such as the GCC torture tests. The produced Eiffel code is functionally equivalent to the original C code, and takes advantage of some of Eiffel’s features to produce safe and easy-to-debug translations. I.