A fading broadcast channel is considered where the transmitter employs two antennas and each of the two receivers employs a single receive antenna. It is demonstrated that even if the realization of the fading is precisely known to the receivers, the high signal-to-noise (SNR) throughput is greatly reduced if, rather than knowing the fading realization precisely, the trasmitter only knows the fading realization approximately. The results are general and are not limited to memoryless Gaussian fading. 1

In multiuser MIMO networks, the spatial degrees of freedom offered by multiple antennas can be advantageously exploited to enhance the system capacity, by scheduling multiple users to simultaneously share the spatial channel. This entails a fundamental paradigm shift from single user communications, since multiuser systems can experience substantial benefit from channel state information at the transmit-ter and, at the same time, require more complex scheduling strategies and transceiver methodologies. This paper reviews multiuser MIMO communication from an algorithmic perspective, discussing performance gains, tradeoffs, and practical considerations. Several approaches including non-linear and linear channel-aware precoding are reviewed, along with more practical limited feedback schemes that require only partial channel state information. The interaction between precoding and scheduling is discussed. Several promising strategies for limited multiuser feedback design are looked at, some of which are inspired from the single user MIMO precoding scenario while others are fully specific to the multiuser setting. 1 DRAFT

We analyze the sum-rate performance of a multi-antenna downlink system carrying more users than transmit antennas, with partial channel knowledge at the transmitter due to finite rate feedback. In order to exploit multiuser diversity, we show that the transmitter must have, in addition to directional information, information regarding the quality of each channel. Such information should reflect both the channel magnitude and the quantization error. Expressions for the SINR distribution and the sum-rate are derived, and tradeoffs between the number of feedback bits, the number of users, and the SNR are observed. In particular, for a target performance, having more users reduces feedback load. I.

Abstract — We analyze the sum-rate performance of a multiantenna downlink system carrying more users than transmit antennas, with partial channel knowledge at the transmitter due to finite rate feedback. In order to exploit multiuser diversity, we show that the transmitter must have, in addition to directional information, information regarding the quality of each channel. Such information should reflect both the channel magnitude and the quantization error. Expressions for the SINR distribution and the sum-rate are derived, and tradeoffs between the number of feedback bits, the number of users, and the SNR are observed. In particular, for a target performance, having more users reduces feedback load. I.

Abstract — We consider the Gaussian multi-antenna compound broadcast channel where one transmitter transmits several messages, each intended for a different user whose channel realization is arbitrarily chosen from a finite set. Our investigation focuses on the behavior of this channel at high SNRs and we obtain the multiplexing gain of the sum capacity for a number of cases, and point out some implications of the total achievable multiplexing gain region. 1 I.

Jointly optimized linear transmit beamforming and receive combining is a low complexity approach for communication in the multiuser MIMO (multiple input multiple output) broadcast channel. This paper proposes an iterative algorithm for jointly designing the beamforming and combining vectors, which enforces a zero interference requirement after combining. Since the optimization is performed at the base station with channel state information for all the users, the receive beamformers are quantized at the basestation and sent to the users via a lowrate feedforward control channel. Rate bounds are provided to estimate the impact of quantization loss on the achievable rate in Rayleigh channels is performed. Simulations show that the proposed approach using Grassmannian codebooks approaches the sum capacity of the MIMO broadcast channel.

Abstract — A multiple transmit antenna, single receive antenna (per receiver) downlink channel with limited channel feedback is considered. Given a constraint on the total system-wide channel feedback, the following question is considered: is it preferable to get low-rate feedback from a large number of receivers or to receive high-rate/high-quality feedback from a smaller number of (randomly selected) receivers? Acquiring feedback from many users allows multi-user diversity to be exploited, while highrate feedback allows for very precise selection of beamforming directions. It is shown that systems in which a limited number of users feedback high-rate channel information significantly outperform low-rate/many user systems. While capacity increases only double logarithmically with the number of users, the marginal benefit of channel feedback is very significant up to the point where the CSI is essentially perfect. I.

A multiple antenna downlink channel where limited channel feedback is available to the transmitter is considered. In a vector downlink channel (single antenna at each receiver), the transmit antenna array can be used to transmit separate data streams to multiple receivers only if the transmitter has very accurate channel knowledge, i.e., if there is high-rate channel feedback from each receiver. In this work it is shown that channel feedback requirements can be significantly reduced if each receiver has a small number of antennas and appropriately combines its antenna outputs. A combining method that minimizes channel quantization error at each receiver, and thereby minimizes multi-user interference, is proposed and analyzed. This technique is shown to outperform traditional techniques such as maximum-ratio combining because minimization of interference power is more critical than maximization of signal power in the multiple antenna downlink. Analysis is provided to quantify the feedback savings, and the technique is seen to work well with user selection and is also robust to receiver estimation error. I.

Abstract — Space division multiple access (SDMA) is capable of achieving sum capacity that grows double logarithmically with the number of users. The sum rate for channel state information (CSI) feedback, however, increases linearly with the number of users, reducing the effective uplink capacity. To address this problem, a novel SDMA design is proposed, where the sum feedback rate is upper-bounded by a constant. This design consists of algorithms for CSI quantization, threshold based CSI feedback, and joint beamforming and scheduling. The key feature of the proposed approach is the use of feedback thresholds to select feedback users with large channel gains and small CSI quantization errors such that the sum feedback rate constraint is satisfied. Despite this constraint, the proposed SDMA design is shown to achieve a sum capacity growth rate close to the optimal one. Numerical results show that the proposed SDMA design is capable of attaining higher sum capacities than existing ones, even though the sum feedback rate is bounded.

The benefits of using multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver in a wireless system are well established. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems enable a growth in transmission rate linear in the minimum of the number of antennas at either end [1][2]. MIMO techniques also enhance link reliability and