This paper considers the requirements for a scalable, easily manageable, fault-tolerant, and efficient data center network fabric. Trends in multi-core processors, end-host virtualization, and commodities of scale are pointing to future single-site data centers with millions of virtual end points. Existing layer 2 and layer 3 network protocols face some combination of limitations in such a setting: lack of scalability, difficult management, inflexible communication, or limited support for virtual machine migration. To some extent, these limitations may be inherent for Ethernet/IP style protocols when trying to support arbitrary topologies. We observe that data center networks are often managed as a single logical network fabric with a known baseline topology and growth model. We leverage this observation in the design and implementation of PortLand, a scalable, fault tolerant layer 2 routing and forwarding protocol for data center environments. Through our implementation and evaluation, we show that PortLand holds promise for supporting a “plug-and-play ” large-scale, data center network. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design]: communications; C.2.2 [Network Protocols]:

Paradigm) project is an EU funded project aiming at developing and evaluating a clean slate architecture for the future Internet. PSIRP’s ambition is to provide a new form of internetworking which will offer the desired functionality, flexibility and performance, but will also support availability, security, and mobility, as well as opportunities for innovative applications and new market opportunities. This paper illustrates PSIRP’s high level architecture, revealing its principles, core components and basic operations through example usage scenarios. While the focus of this paper is specifically on the operations within the PSIRP architecture, the revelation of the workings through our use cases can also be considered being useful to similar work on publish-subscribe architectures. Index Terms—Future Internet, clean slate, networking usage scenarios. 1.

Abstract — This paper shows how the multicast nature of proposed future publish/subscribe network architectures can assist mobility. Publish/subscribe is an information-centric networking paradigm. Unlike the current send/receive based Internet architecture which favours the sender of information, the publish/subscribe paradigm leads to a more balanced relationship between entities. Publish/subscribe is considered a promising architecture for the future Internet as it can potentially address various current Internet problems, such as spam and (Distributed) Denial of Service attacks. In a pub/sub architecture all data are transmitted via multicast and end host identification, which has a less critical role to begin with, is decoupled from location identification. In such an environment, fast mobility can be supported effectively, particularly for continuous media distribution (such as mobile TV) and other types of real-time multimedia applications. In this paper, a prototype overlay multicast scheme based on Scribe is extended to support mobility. We compare this scheme against an alternative solution based on Mobile IPv6 and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the basic trade-offs. Index Terms — Future Internet, content networking, handoff, mobility management

Internet based communication systems appear in many forms from email to Instant Messenger and chat services to Voice over IP (VoIP). Common weaknesses of these current communication systems include inherent security vulnerabilities to attacks such as SPAM/SPIT/SPIM and DDoS, a lack of separation between routing address and identity, and a lack of message receiver controllability. Based on these observations, we describe preliminary ideas and analysis of a new communication architecture called DSL (Davis Social Links), that integrates the trust relationships of social networks into the internet communication infrastructure to provide receiver controllability, traceability, and global connectivity without centralized services or globally unique IDs. Although it is in the early stages of development, we believe that DSL can help thwart many of the large-scale information-based attacks faced by the Internet community. 1

Enterprise customers are increasingly adopting MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPN (Virtual Private Network) service that offers direct any-to-any reachability among the customer sites via a provider network. Unfortunately this direct reachability model makes the service provider’s routing tables grow very large as the number of VPNs and the number of routes per customer increase. As a result, router memory in the provider’s network has become a key bottleneck in provisioning new customers. This paper proposes Relaying, a scalable VPN routing architecture that the provider can implement simply by modifying the configuration of routers in the provider network, without requiring changes to the router hardware and software. Relaying substantially reduces the memory footprint of VPNs by choosing a small number of hub routers in each VPN that maintain full reachability information, and by allowing nonhub

The systems and networking community lays great store by “simple” system designs. Yet, our rationalization about whether a system meets this goal often relies more on intuition and qualitative discussion than rigorous quantitative metrics. In this paper, we develop a prototype metric that seeks to quantify this notion of complexity with regard to the algorithmic component of a networked system design. We evaluate several networked system designs through the lens of our proposed complexity metric and demonstrate that our metric quantitatively assesses solutions in a manner compatible with informally articulated design intuition and anecdotal evidence such as real-world adoption.

Abstract — We present a “clean-slate ” design for a networklayer routing and forwarding system intended to address shortcomings of the current Internet Protocol. Our design separates routing from both forwarding and topology discovery; requires only a flat, topology-independent namespace; and allows for policies of both users and service providers to be supported. Channels serve as the primary abstraction, allowing the network topology to be viewed at multiple levels of abstraction using the same identifiers. In this paper we present the basic design, which is based on loose source routing. Our routing and forwarding scheme is part of a larger project to produce a “clean-slate” network layer design. I.

Current flat-id based routing schemes promise support for mobility and scalability. However, providing efficient routing with minimal overheads for mobility is still a challenge. In this paper we provide a solution to these problems by introducing Virtual Id Routing (VIR). VIR meets these basic requirements of future id-based routing schemes: namely, i) scalability–by using distributed hash table based routing framework; ii) mobility support–by separating the nodeidentifier from the network location; and iii) routing efficiency– by exploiting network topology information, which is done by introducing a dynamic, self-organizing virtual id (vid) space layer in between the node id space (uid) andthe network topology. Preliminary evaluation of the protocol shows promising results, specifically routing stretch for VIR is very close to 1, and the overheads due to mobility are also much smaller than existing schemes such as VRR.

Abstract. PSIRP (Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm) is an EU FP7 funded project that has developed a clean-slate architecture for the future Internet, based on the publish-subscribe primitives (rather than the send-receive ones), all the way down to the core networking functions. The PSIRP vision is a pure information-centric Internet architecture, possibly providing remedies to many of the current Internet problems. In PSIRP, all is information and everything is about information. Content-based identities, recursive application of ideas, cryptographic techniques, and the Trust-to-Trust principle are all extensively used to achieve the design goals. Furthermore, incentive compatibility and socio-economic considerations are guiding the design from the outset, to ground the project in reality and to provide credible and viable potential deployment paths. The project has developed, implemented, and preliminarily evaluated solutions for rendezvous, topology formation and routing, and information forwarding, with ongoing work currently focusing in experimenting. A new (also EU FP7 funded) follow-on project, PURSUIT (Publish-Subscribe Internet Technologies), will refine and further explore and expand PSIRP’s vision. We believe that this will eventually lead to a more complete architecture and protocol suite, thereby providing for more extensive performance evaluation and investigations on scalability. This paper provides an overview of the PSIRP concepts and the developed architecture, along with some key results, and outlines the research directions of the PURSUIT project, focusing on the project goals and its expected outcomes.

Network use has evolved to be dominated by content distribution and retrieval, while networking technology still can only speak of connections between hosts. Accessing content and services requires mapping from the what that users care about to the network’s where. We present Content-Centric Networking (CCN) which takes content as a primitive – decoupling location from identity, security and access, and retrieving content by name. Using new approaches to routing named content, derived heavily from IP, we can simultaneously achieve scalability, security and performance. We have implemented the basic features of our architecture and demonstrate resilience and performance with secure file downloads and VoIP calls. 1.