Abstract- To become truly ubiquitous, sensor network nodes must achieve ultra low power consumption. This paper proposes the Energy-per-Useful-Bit (EPUB) metric for evaluating and comparing sensor network physical layers. EPUB includes the energy consumption of both the transmitter and receiver, and amortizes the energy consumption during the synchronization preamble over the number of data bits in the packet. Using EPUB, we compare six existing sensor network PHYs. Next, we optimize the PHY according to EPUB. We conclude that the EPUB of sensor network PHYs can be reduced by increasing data rate, lowering carrier frequency, and using simple modulation schemes such as OOK to reduce synchronization overhead. I.

Standby Power Management Architecture for Deep-Submicron Systems by Michael Alan Sheets Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering-Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Professor Jan Rabaey, Chair In deep-submicron processes a significant portion of the power budget is lost in standby power due to increasing leakage e#ects. For systems that have long idle times punctuated by bursts of activity, such as PDAs, cell-phones, and wireless sensor networks nodes, this standby power consumption reduces the e#ectiveness of duty-cycling. This work surveys a number of subthreshold leakage reduction techniques and identifies supply rail gating (MTCMOS) as the most promising. MTCMOS is a dynamic technique that has two distinct modes: an active processing mode and a lower power sleep mode.

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