This paper reviews and extends recent scholarly and popular literature to provide a broad overview of how information technology (IT) impacts organizational characteristics and outcomes. First, based on a review of the literature, we describe two of the principal performance enhancing benefits of IT: information efficiencies and information synergies, and identify five main organizational outcomes of the application of IT that embody these benefits. We then discuss the role that IT plays in moderating the relationship between organizational characteristics including structure, size, learning, culture, and interorganizational relationships and the most strategic outcomes, organizational efficiency and innovation. Throughout we discuss the limitations and possible negative consequences of the use of

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Trust is important consideration prior to adoption of outsourcing options and subsequently during the management of the outsourcing relationship. Understanding the antecedents to the adoption of information technology is important to both technology firms that provide services and the policy analysts that study the effects of technology adoption and IT success. The first portion of this essay looks at the role trust plays in the outsourcing relationship. Trust is discussed as both an antecedent to adoption and a critical part of the relationship post adoption. The second portion of this essay looks at a conceptual model of trust and privacy that is tested using PLS. The empirical study uses a transactional cost approach to investigate the role of trust and privacy, both as direct effects and as moderators in the adoption of Application Service Providers (ASPs) as a new form of information technology outsourcing. The study focuses on the healthcare industry. Results from the model indicate that trust plays a minimal role in the adoption of ASPs. Limitations of the research are discussed; implications are reviewed and future research areas are identified. 1 SECTION 1

One would think that the enactment of the HIPAA, with its mandates on data security and privacy, would have brought a major shift in the security management practices within the US healthcare. Unfortunately, recent industry reports indicate low levels of regulatory compliance, thus raising security concerns for the US health IT infrastructure. This research develops a regulatory compliance model by drawing insights from the institutional theory literature to identify the key drivers influencing HIPAA compliance, both institutional and market forces (e.g., variability in state-level privacy laws comprehensiveness, interdependency between privacy and security rules, pressure from compliance leaders in the region, compliance officer‟s functional background, and the consumer concern for privacy). We validate the model using a national sample of acute-care hospitals and find partial support. The primary contribution of this research lies in the novel application of institutional theory to explain the variability in regulatory

Investment in information technology (IT) infrastructure has in recent years become a strategic organizational choice. Yet, there exists little understanding of the organizational factors that determine IT infrastructure capabilities and investment requirements. Using a filed survey of both business and IT executives, this study tests a research model that links a set of organizational factors to IT infrastructure capabilities. Organizational factors explored in this study include both external environment variables (competitiveness, dynamism and heterogeneity) and internal environment variables (organizational size, information intensity, the perceived role of IT, IT-business alignment, and business synergy). The results suggest that, among all the organizational factors, IT-business alignment, the perceived role of IT, and business synergy were the most significant predictors of an organization’s IT infrastructure capabilities. The characteristics of an organization’s external environment, however, were not directly related to an organization’s IT infrastructure capabilities. Implications of the results are discussed. Determinants of Organizational IT Infrastructure Capabilities: An Empirical Study

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The Net-Enabled Business Innovation Cycle (NEBIC) was offered by Wheeler [1] as a subjective understanding of how firms can gain competitive advantage through enabling and emerging technologies (ET). NEBIC consists of four capabilities that lead a firm from choosing ET, to matching ET with business opportunities, executing for growth, and assessing customer value. The first capability of NEBIC is the choosing capability.

This paper builds upon innovation diffusion theory and tests a research model to validate five antecedents of collective adoption and use of seven collaborative information technologies (CITs). Analyses of data collected from 344 organizations in the US, Australia, and Hong Kong suggests that size (organization and IT function), centralization of decision-making, degree of integration, and infrastructure connectivity are significantly related to the adoption and use of CITs across all the three regions. Implications of these findings are discussed along with some directions for practice and research.

Study protocol for the translating research in elder care (TREC): building context – an organizational monitoring program in long-term care project (project one)

Diffusion studies are commonly associated with the dissemination of innovations across legally and economically independent organizational units. Suggesting a new perspective on the existing diffusion literature, this thesis argues that diffusion of innovations is a relevant issue to study also on a (formally) micro–level of investigation. Based on this reasoning, this thesis examines how and why a contemporary management accounting tool diffuses within a group of organizations belonging to a common corporate group. The concept in focus is the Balanced Scorecard. A high number of adopters worldwide combined with a shortage of empirically grounded scientific studies dealing with the practical Scorecard application make it a relevant tool to study. Against this background, this thesis also aims to enhance our knowledge on what it means to adopt and to maintain a Balanced Scorecard in practice. To address these aims, this study presents the results of an in-depth case study of a large-sized multinational firm. The empirical data describes a five-year BSC adoption and implementation process in five business divisions; all of them active in the communications business. Diffusion of innovations studies, supplemented by management accounting implementation studies form a first part of the theoretical framework developed. In an effort to create an even richer understanding of the data, a network perspective is additionally applied in a second analytical step. The findings of this thesis indicate that applying theory of diffusion on a micro– level requires using a process-approach of study. Under this pre-condition, the study portrays the intra-firm Balanced Scorecard diffusion as a complex process— unpredictable in its nature and highly dependent on groups of individuals and their interests. The Balanced Scorecard is identified as a management fashion. Confirming experiences made with established management accounting tools, organizational resistance prolongs its implementation process. Parts of this resistance are identified as being related to the Scorecard concept itself, while others appear to be non-specific to the tool examined.