The authors propose that people adopt others ’ perspectives by serially adjusting from their own. As predicted, estimates of others ’ perceptions were consistent with one’s own but differed in a manner consistent with serial adjustment (Study 1). Participants were slower to indicate that another’s perception would be different from—rather than similar to—their own (Study 2). Egocentric biases increased under time pressure (Study 2) and decreased with accuracy incentives (Study 3). Egocentric biases also increased when participants were more inclined to accept plausible values encountered early in the adjustment process than when inclined to reject them (Study 4). Finally, adjustments tend to be insufficient, in part, because people stop adjusting once a plausible estimate is reached (Study 5). We have endeavored to show... that thought in the child is egocentric, i.e., that the child thinks for himself without troubling to make himself understood nor to place himself at the other person’s point of view.... If this be the case, we must expect childish reasoning to differ very considerably from ours, to be deductive and above all less rigorous. (Piaget, 1959, p. 1) Children view their perceptions of the world as accurate reflections

Two studies examined whether participant attitudes would change toward positions advocated by an ingroup member even if the latter was known to be an embodied agent; that is, a humanlike representation of a computer algorithm. While immersed in a virtual environment, participants listened to a persuasive communication from a digital representation of another student. The latter was actually an embodied agent (a computer-controlled digital representation of a human). Study 1 examined the extent to which gender of the virtual human, participant gender, and the agent’s behavior affected attitude change. Results revealed genderbased ingroup favoritism in the form of greater attitude change for same gender virtual humans. Study 2 examined behavioral realism and agency beliefs; that is, whether participants believed the other to be an agent or an avatar (an online representation of an actual person). Results supported Blascovich and colleague’s model of social influence within immersive virtual environments. Specifically, the prediction that virtual humans high in behavioral realism would be more influential than those low in behavioral realism was supported, but this effect was moderated by the gender of the virtual human and the research participant. Implications of these findings for the model are discussed.

Nonverbal communication is an important and often underestimated instrument in social interactions. The paralinguistic elements of speech, which are described in common speech as ”tone of voice”, are one channel of the nonverbal communication. They, together with conversational dynamics, are a very powerful measurement for interactions, without looking at the content of the conversation. A subset of these features, the social signaling measurements, are very useful when analyzing and quantifying conversation. The goal of this thesis is to better understand the framework of social signaling. We applied the social signaling measurements to negotiations as well as to small group interactions. For negotiation we were able to predict up to 30 % of the variance in individual outcome. The use of automated algorithms enables to build real-time feedback mechanisms that can then

In this paper, we describe the GroupMedia system, which uses wireless wearable computers to measure audio features, headmovement, and galvanic skin response (GSR) for dyads and groups of interacting people. These group sensor measurements are then used to build a real-time group interest index. The group interest index can be used to control group displays, annotate the group discussion for later retrieval, and even to modulate and guide the group discussion itself. We explore three different situations where this system has been introduced, and report experimental results.

Musical sounds and the body are interdependently linked in music performance. The key to musical expression lies in the way the body conducts music over time. In this study, General Tau Theory (Lee, 2005) was used as a theoretical framework to explore the head movements made by a classical guitarist during two performances. The musician’s head movements were analysed in conjunction with sound intensity and temporal features of the music. Differences in expression between the performances were established by listeners ’ ratings of audio recordings. Tau-G guided head movements were not found to be related to intensity glides of individual notes, and the tau-coupling constant (k) did not vary between expressively different performances. Significant differences between the two performances in tau-guided head movement timing and musical tempo characteristics suggest that the body’s role in musical expression lies in expressive timing. However, limitations in this study prevent firm conclusions being drawn from these results. Ways of eliminating these defects are discussed and future directions for the application of Tau Theory to body movement in music are identified. "The material of music is sound and bodily movement" – Aristides Quintilianus 1 “Every musical manifestation should rest on a joint physical and intellectual basis, demonstrating the inseparability of body from soul.”

The present research extends work on the ‘the value from fit ’ principle by showing that regulatory fit effects on behavioral compliance and persuasion are stronger for people high, as opposed to low, in private self-focus. Previous research showed that people high in private self-focus are strongly affected by external information. In the current work, we demonstrated that people high (versus low) in private self-focus process persuasive information that matches (versus mismatches) activated self-knowledge more easily. Moreover, people high in private self-focus rely on this processing fluency as a basis for judgment and decision making, resulting in enhanced persuasion and behavior change. When Fit Fosters Favoring 3 When Fit Fosters Favoring: The Role of Private Self-Focus The past two decades have seen an explosion of work on the role of regulatory fit in behavioral compliance, preference formation, attitude change and persuasion (e.g., Cesario, Grant, & Higgins, 2004; Florack & Scarabis 2006; Lee & Aaker, 2004). This work consistently shows that framing a persuasive message in congruence with consumers ’ regulatory focus enhances persuasion, and promotes compliance. Although recently studies have targeted underlying mechanisms that may

New research reveals the surprising power of ancient — and largely unconscious — forms of human communication.