Abstract. For counting points of Jacobians of genus 2 curves defined over large prime fields, the best known method is a variant of Schoof’s algorithm. We present several improvements on the algorithms described by Gaudry and Harley in 2000. In particular we rebuild the symmetry that had been broken by the use of Cantor’s division polynomials and design a faster division by 2 and a division by 3. Combined with the algorithm by Matsuo, Chao and Tsujii, our implementation can count the points on a Jacobian of size 164 bits within about one week on a PC. 1

Si l’on se bornait à demander les intégrales entières, le problème n’offrirait aucune difficulté. 1 Joseph Liouville, 1833. We investigate polynomial solutions of homogeneous linear differential equations with coefficients that are polynomials with integer coefficients. The problems we consider are the existence of nonzero polynomial solutions, the determination of the dimension of the vector space of polynomial solutions, the computation of a basis of this space. Previous algorithms have a bit complexity that is at least quadratic in an integer N (that can be computed from the equation), even for merely detecting the existence of nonzero polynomial solutions. We give a deterministic algorithm that computes a compact representation of a basis of polynomial solutions in O(N log 3 N) bit operations. We also give a probabilistic algorithm that computes the dimension of the space of polynomial solutions in O ( √ N log 2 N) bit operations. In general, the integer N is not bounded polynomially in the bit size of the input differential equation. We isolate a class of equations for which detecting nonzero polynomial solutions can be performed in polynomial complexity. We discuss implementation issues and possible extensions.

We show that the linear dependence on p of the running time of Kedlaya’s point-counting algorithm in characteristic p may be reduced to p1/2. 1

We consider two kinds of problems: the computation of polynomial and rational solutions of linear recurrences with coefficients that are polynomials with integer coefficients; indefinite and definite summation of sequences that are hypergeometric over the rational numbers. The algorithms for these tasks all involve as an intermediate quantity an integer N (dispersion or root of an indicial polynomial) that is potentially exponential in the bit size of their input. Previous algorithms have a bit complexity that is at least quadratic in N. We revisit them and propose variants that exploit the structure of solutions and avoid expanding polynomials of degree N. We give two algorithms: a probabilistic one that detects the existence or absence of nonzero polynomial and rational solutions in O ( √ N log 2 N) bit operations; a deterministic one that computes a compact representation of the solution in O(N log 3 N) bit operations. Similar speedups are obtained in indefinite and definite hypergeometric summation. We describe the results of an implementation.

Abstract. It is classical that univariate algebraic functions satisfy linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients. Linear recurrences follow for the coefficients of their power series expansions. We show that the linear differential equation of minimal order has coefficients whose degree is cubic in the degree of the function. We also show that there exists a linear differential equation of order linear in the degree whose coefficients are only of quadratic degree. Furthermore, we prove the existence of recurrences of order and degree close to optimal. We study the complexity of computing these differential equations and recurrences. We deduce a fast algorithm for the expansion of algebraic series. 1.

c t i v it y e p o r t 2009 Table of contents

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c t i v it y e p o r t 2009 Table of contents

c t i v it y e p o r t 2007 Table of contents

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