We give an overview over the historic development of proof theory and the main techniques used in ordinal theoretic proof theory. We argue, that in a revised Hilbert's programme, ordinal theoretic proof theory has to be supplemented by a second step, namely the development of strong equiconsistent constructive theories. Then we show, how, as part of such a programme, the proof theoretic analysis of Martin-Lof type theory with W-type and one microscopic universe containing only two finite sets is carried out. Then we look at the analysis of Martin-Lof type theory with W-type and a universe closed under the W-type, and consider the extension of type theory by one Mahlo universe and its proof-theoretic analysis. Finally we repeat the concept of inductive-recursive definitions, which extends the notion of inductive definitions substantially. We introduce a closed formalisation, which can be used in generic programming, and explain, what is known about its strength.

In a previous paper we have given a representation of continuous functions on streams, both discrete-valued functions, and functions between streams. the topology on streams is the ‘Baire ’ topology induced by taking as a basic neighbourhood the set of streams that share a given finite prefix. We gave also a combinator on the representations of stream processing functions that reflects composition. Streams are the simplest example of a non-trivial final coalgebras, playing in the coalgebraic realm the same role as do the natural numbers in the algebraic realm. Here we extend our previous results to cover the case of final coalgebras for a broad class of functors generalising (×A). The functors we deal with are those that arise from countable signatures of finiteplace untyped operators. These have many applications. The topology we put on the final coalgebra for such a functor is that induced by taking for basic neighbourhoods the set of infinite objects which share a common prefix, according to the usual definition of the final coalgebra as the limit of a certain inverse chain starting at �. 1

This note is about work in progress on the topic of “internal type theory ” where we investigate the internal formalization of the categorical metatheory of constructive type theory in (an extension of) itself. The basic notion is that of a category with families, a categorical notion of model of dependent type theory. We discuss how to formalize the notion of category with families inside type theory and how to build initial categories with families. Initial categories with families will be term models which play the role of canonical syntax for dependent type theory. We also discuss the formalization of the result that categories with finite limits give rise to categories with families. This yields a type-theoretic perspective on Curien’s work on “substitution up to isomorphism”. Our formalization is being carried out in the proof assistant Agda 2 developed at Chalmers. 1

I intend this document as a guide to the prototype EPIGRAM system. As things stand, there are still a great many things which need to be done, but the system can now be

ML5 is a programming language for spatially distributed computing, based on a Curry-Howard correspondence with the modal logic S5. However, the ML5 programming language differs from the logic in several ways. In this paper, we give a semantic embedding of ML5 into the dependently typed programming language Agda, which both explains these discrepancies between ML5 and S5 and suggests some simplifications and generalizations of the language. Our embedding translates ML5 into a slightly different logic: intuitionistic S5 extended with a lax modality that encapsulates effectful computations in a monad. Rather than formalizing lax S5 as a proof theory, we embed it as a universe within the the dependently typed host language, with the universe elimination given by implementing the modal logic’s Kripke semantics. 1

We propose a method for improving confidence in the correctness of Haskell programs by combining testing and proving. Testing is used for debugging programs and specification before a costly proof attempt. During a proof development, testing also quickly eliminates wrong conjectures. Proving helps us to decompose a testing task in a way that is guaranteed to be correct. To demonstrate the method we have extended the Agda/Alfa proof assistant for dependent type theory with a tool for random testing. As an example we show how the correctness of a BDD-algorithm written in Haskell is verified by testing properties of component functions. We also discuss faithful translations from Haskell to type theory.

This paper is part of a line of work on using the logical techniques of polarity and focusing to design a dependent programming language, with particular emphasis on programming with deductive systems such as programming languages and proof theories. Polarity emphasizes the distinction between positive types, which classify data, and negative types, which classify computation. In previous work, we showed how to use Zeilberger’s higher-order formulation of focusing to integrate a positive function space for representing variable binding, an essential tool for specifying logical systems, with a standard negative computational function space. However, our previous work considers only a simply-typed language. The central technical contribution of the present paper is to extend higher-order focusing with a form of dependency that we call positively dependent types: We allow dependency on positive data, but not negative computation, and we present the syntax of dependent pair and function types using an iterated inductive definition, mapping positive data to types, which gives an account of type-level computation. We construct our language inside the dependently typed programming language Agda 2, making essential use of coinductive types and induction-recursion.

Abstract. The recent success of languages like Agda and Coq demonstrates the potential of using dependent types for programming. These systems rely on many high-level features like datatype definitions, pattern matching and implicit arguments to facilitate the use of the languages. However, these features complicate the metatheoretical study and are a potential source of bugs. To address these issues we introduce ΠΣ, a dependently typed core language. It is small enough for metatheoretical study and the type checker is small enough to be formally verified. In this language there is only one mechanism for recursion—used for types, functions and infinite objects— and an explicit mechanism to control unfolding, based on lifted types. Furthermore structural equality is used consistently for values and types; this is achieved by a new notion of α-equality for recursive definitions. We show, by translating several high-level constructions, that ΠΣ is suitable as a core language for dependently typed programming. 1

Abstract. In this article we revisit the approach by Bove and Capretta for formulating partial recursive functions in Martin-Löf Type Theory by indexed inductive-recursive definitions. We will show that all inductiverecursive definitions used there can be replaced by inductive definitions. However, this encoding results in an additional technical overhead. In order to obtain directly executable partial recursive functions, we introduce restrictions on the indexed inductive-recursive definitions used. Then we introduce a data type of partial recursive functions. This allows to define higher order partial recursive functions like the map functional, which depend on other partial recursive functions. This data type will be based on the closed formalisation of indexed inductive-recursive definitions introduced by Dybjer and the author. All elements of this data type will represent partial recursive functions, and the set of partial recursive functions will be closed under the standard operations for forming partial recursive functions, and under the total functions. Keywords: Martin-Löf type theory, computability theory, recursion theory, Kleene index, Kleene brackets, partial recursive functions, inductive-recursive definitions, indexed induction-recursion.

In these lecture notes we give an overview of recent research on the relationship