Abstract. This paper considers the use of dependent types to capture information about dynamic resource usage in a static type system. Dependent types allow us to give (explicit) proofs of properties with a program; we present a dependently typed core language ��, and define a framework within this language for representing size metrics and their properties. We give several examples of size bounded programs within this framework and show that we can construct proofs of their size bounds within ��. We further show how the framework handles recursive higher order functions and sum types, and contrast our system with previous work based on sized types. 1

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We present an inductive definition of a universe containing codes for strictly positive families (SPFs) such as vectors or simply typed lambda terms. This construction extends the usual definition of inductive strictly positive types as given in previous joint work with McBride. We relate this to Indexed Containers, which were recently proposed in joint work with Ghani, Hancock and McBride. We demonstrate by example how dependent types can be encoded in this universe and give examples for generic programs.

Abstract. Some total languages, like Agda and Coq, allow the use of guarded corecursion to construct infinite values and proofs. Guarded corecursion is a form of recursion in which arbitrary recursive calls are allowed, as long as they are guarded by a coinductive constructor. Guardedness ensures that programs are productive, i.e. that every finite prefix of an infinite value can be computed in finite time. However, many productive programs are not guarded, and it can be nontrivial to put them in guarded form. This paper gives a method for turning a productive program into a guarded program. The method amounts to defining a problem-specific language as a data type, writing the program in the problem-specific language, and writing a guarded interpreter for this language. 1

Abstract. It is commonly believed that in dependently typed programming languages, the blurring of the distinction between types and values means that no type erasure is possible at run-time. In this paper, however, we propose an alternative phase distinction. Rather than distinguishing types and values in the compilation of EPIGRAM, we distinguish compile-time and run-time evaluation, and show by a series of program transformations that values which are not required at run-time can be erased. 1

Purely inductive definitions give rise to tree-shaped values where all branches have finite depth, and purely coinductive definitions give rise to values where all branches are potentially infinite. If this is too restrictive, then an alternative is to use mixed induction and coinduction. This technique appears to be fairly unknown. The aim of this paper is to make the technique more widely known, and to present several new applications of it, including a parser combinator library which guarantees termination of parsing, and a method for combining coinductively defined inference systems with rules like transitivity. The developments presented in the paper have been formalised and checked in Agda, a dependently typed programming language and proof assistant.

We begin by revisiting the idea of using a universe of types to write generic programs in a dependently typed setting by constructing a universe for Strictly Positive Types (SPTs). Here we extend this construction to cover dependent types, i.e. Strictly Positive Families (SPFs), thereby fixing a gap left open in previous work. Using the approach presented here we are able to represent all of Epigram’s datatypes within Epigram including the universe of datatypes itself.

The theory of combinatorial species, although invented as a purely mathematical formalism to unify much of combinatorics, can also serve as a powerful and expressive language for talking about algebraic data types. With potential applications to automatic test generation, generic programming, and language design, the theory deserves to be much better known in the functional programming community. This paper aims to teach the theory of combinatorial species, using motivation and examples from the world of functional programming. Although Haskell is used for examples, the ideas can readily be translated into any language with algebraic data types.

This paper presents GMETA: a generic framework for first-order representations of variable binding that provides once and for all many of the so-called infrastructure lemmas and definitions required in mechanizations of formal metatheory. The framework employs datatype-generic programming and modular programming techniques to provide a universe representing a family of datatypes. This universe is generic in two different ways: it is language-generic in the sense that several object languages can be represented within the universe; and it is representation-generic, meaning that it is parameterizable over the particular choice of firstorder representations for binders (for example, locally nameless or de Bruijn). Using this universe, several libraries providing generic infrastructure lemmas and definitions are implemented. These libraries are used in case studies based on the POPLmark challenge, showing that dealing with challenging binding constructs, like the ones found in System F<:, is possible with GMETA. All of GMETA’s generic infrastructure is implemented in the Coq theorem prover, ensuring the soundness of that infrastructure. Furthermore, due to GMETA’s modular design, the libraries can be easily used, extended and customized by end users. 1.

This paper exhibits the power of programming with dependent types by dint of embedding three domain-specific languages: Cryptol, a language for cryptographic protocols; a small data description language; and relational algebra. Each example demonstrates particular design patterns inherent to dependently-typed programming. Documenting these techniques paves the way for further research in domain-specific embedded type systems.