When to compare the fields of model building and model solving / analyzing, it is the latter that is more widely researched and understood. This is particularly true in respect of the construction of solving-paradigm-free representations (i.e. created not for a special solving method like e.g. linear programming) such as are needed in the case of general models for decision support, to function as problem descriptions. The process of formulating such models is supported badly in a conceptual and in a technical way. In this paper we focus on the conceptual way. Model building ist viewed as a creative act, which needs constructive achievement, and which is not only a mapping of reality. We provide a framework for a step-by-step conception and formulation of general models for decision support in an easy-to-use and problem-driven manner. Modeling by construction is based on a theoretical `concept of independence' which definition is directly derived from element types of a problem. It is ...

Valuation-Based Systems (VBS) for belief-functions theory is applied to Pavement Management Systems (PMS) decision-making. The VBS provides a general framework for representing knowledge and drawing inferences under uncertainty. A VBS network is constructed and potentials are introduced in the form of belief-function (or basic probability assignment) in PMS decision making environment. Valuation network is another method of representing and solving Bayesian decision problems. It is based on the framework of VBS. Valuation network depict decision variables, random variables, utility functions, and information constraints. The solution method for valuation network is called fusion algorithm, and the Dempster's rule of combination can be successfilly applied in this framework. It will be shown that this approach can capture the quantitative, qualitative and incomplete information in PMS decision making. 1.