We describe cognitive experiments (based on interference of probabilities for mental observables) which could verify quantum-like structure of mental measurements. In principle, such experiments can be performed in psychology, cognitive, and social sciences. Recently one of such experiments (described in the first version of the preprint) based on recognition of images was performed. It confirms our prediction on quantum-like behaviour of mind. In fact, the general contextual probability theory predicts not only quantum-like trigonometric (cos θ) interference of probabilities, but also hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities (as well as hyper-trigonometric). In principle, statistical data obtained in experiments with cognitive systems can produce hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities. At the moment there are no experimental confirmations of hyperbolic interference for cognitive systems. We introduce a wave function of (e.g., human) population. This function could be reconstructed on the basis of statistical data for two incompatible observables. In general, we should not reject the possibility that cognitive functioning is neither quantum nor classical. We discuss the structure of state spaces for cognitive systems.

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The quantum model of the brain proposed by Ricciardi and Umezawa is extended to dissipative dynamics in order to study the problem of memory capacity. It is shown that infinitely many vacua are accessible to memory printing in a way that in sequential information recording the storage of a new information does not destroy the previously stored ones, thus allowing a huge memory capacity. The mechanism of information printing is shown to induce breakdown of time-reversal symmetry. Thermal properties of the memory states as well as their relation with squeezed coherent states are finally discussed. e-mail vitiello@sa.infn.it Int. J. Mod. Phys.B, in print 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is the study of the problem of memory capacity in the Ricciardi-Umezawa quantum model of brain[1] by resorting to recent results on dissipative systems in quantum field theory (QFT)[2]. Coupling coefficients and activity thresholds of artificial neuron units are central ingredients in neural ne...

We present a general contextualistic statistical model for constructing quantum-like representations in physics, cognitive and social sciences, psychology, economy. In this paper we use this model to describe cognitive experiments (in particular, in psychology) to check quantum-like structures of mental processes. The crucial role is played by interference of probabilities corresponding to mental observables. Recently one of such experiments based on recognition of images was performed. This experiment confirmed my prediction on quantum-like behaviour of mind. We present the procedure of constructing the wave function of a cognitive context on the basis of statistical data for two incompatible mental observables. We discuss the structure of state spaces for cognitive systems. In fact, the general contextual probability theory predicts not only quantum-like trigonometric (cos θ) interference of probabilities, but also hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities (as well as hyper-trigonometric). In principle, statistical data obtained in experiments with cognitive systems can produce hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities. At the moment there are no experimental confirmations of hyperbolic interference for cognitive systems.

Abstract. In the engagement of the brain with its environment, large-scale neural interactions in brain dynamics create a mesoscopic order parameter, which is evaluated by measuring brain waves (electrocorticogram, ECoG). Such large-scale interactions emerge from the background activity of the brain that is sustained by mutual excitation in cortical populations and manifest in spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity. Band pass filtering reveals beats in ECoG power that recur at theta rates (3−7 Hz) as null spikes in log10 power. The order parameter transiently approaches zero, and the microscopic activity is both disordered and symmetric. As the null spikes terminate, the order parameter resurges and imposes a mesoscopic spatial pattern of ECoG amplitude modulation that then governs the microscopic gamma activity and retrieves the memory of a stimulus. The brain waves reveal a spatial pattern of phase modulation in the form of a cone. The dissipative many-body model of brain dynamics describes these phase cones as vortices, which are initiated by the null spikes, and which stabilize the amplitude modulated patterns embedded in the turbulent neural noise from which they emerge. 1.

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Abstract. We compare the predictions of the dissipative quantum model of brain with neurophysiological data collected from electroencephalograms resulting from high-density arrays fixed on the surfaces of primary sensory and limbic areas of trained rabbits and cats. Functional brain imaging in relation to behavior reveals the formation of coherent domains of synchronized neuronal oscillatory activity and phase transitions predicted by the dissipative model. PACS 11.10.-z, 87.85.dm, 11.30.QC 1.

I review the dissipative quantum model of brain and discuss its recent developments related with the rôle of entanglement, quantum noise and chaos. Some comments on consciousness in the frame of the dissipative model are also presented. Dissipation seems to account for the medial character of consciousness, for its being in the present (the Now), its un-dividable unity, its intrinsic subjectivity (autonomy). Finally, essential features of a conscious artificial device, if ever one can construct it, are briefly commented upon, also in relation to a device able to exhibit mistakes in its behavior. The name I give to such a hypothetical device is Spartacus. 1