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Compilers for monomorphic languages, such as C and Pascal, take advantage of types to determine data representations, alignment, calling conventions, and register selection. However, these languages lack important features including polymorphism, abstract datatypes, and garbage collection. In contrast, modern programming languages such as Standard ML (SML), provide all of these features, but existing implementations fail to take full advantage of types. The result is that performance of SML code is quite bad when compared to C. In this thesis, I provide a general framework, called type-directed compilation, that allows compiler writers to take advantage of types at all stages in compilation. In the framework, types are used not only to determine efficient representations and calling conventions, but also to prove the correctness of the compiler. A key property of typedirected compilation is that all but the lowest levels of the compiler use typed intermediate languages. An advantage of this approach is that it provides a means for automatically checking the integrity of the resulting code. An important

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This article was originally written in MathText in January 1986. It was published in 1988 in the Journal of Symbolic Logic, volume 53, pages 349– 363. The conversion to LaTeX was performed on December 7, 1996. 1

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This course introduces the operational and denotational semantics of PCF and examines the relationship between the two. Topics: Syntax and operational semantics of PCF, Activity Lemma, undefinability of parallel or; Context Lemma (first principles proof) and proof by logical relations Denotational semantics of PCF induced by an interpretation; (standard) Scott model, adequacy, weak adequacy and its proof (by a computability predicate) Domain Theory up to SFP and Scott domains; non full abstraction of the standard model, definability of compact elements and full abstraction for PCFP (PCF + parallel or), properties of order-extensional (continuous) models of PCF, Milner's model and Mulmuley's construction (excluding proofs) Additional topics (time permitting): results on pure simply-typed lambda calculus, Friedman 's Completeness Theorem, minimal model, logical relations and definability, undecidability of lambda definability (excluding proof), dI-domains and stable functions Homepa...

It is shown how to restrict recursion on notation in all finite types so as to characterize the polynomial time computable functions. The restrictions are obtained by enriching the type structure with the formation of types !oe, and by adding linear concepts to the lambda calculus. 1 Introduction Recursion in all finite types was introduced by Hilbert [9] and later became known as the essential part of Godel's system T [8]. This system has long been viewed as a powerful scheme unsuitable for describing small complexity classes such as polynomial time. Simmons [16] showed that ramification can be used to characterize the primitive recursive functions by higher type recursion, and Leivant and Marion [14] showed that another form of ramification can be used to restrict higher type recursion to PSPACE. However, to characterize the much smaller class of polynomial-time computable functions by higher type recursion, it seems that an additional principle is required. By introducing linear...

After briefly discussing the relevance of the notions "computation" and "implementation" for cognitive science, I summarize some of the problems that have been found in their most common interpretations. In particular, I argue that standard notions of computation together with a "state-to-state correspondence view of implementation" cannot overcome difficulties posed by Putnam's Realization Theorem and that, therefore, a different approach to implementation is required. The notion "realization of a function", developed out of physical theories, is then introduced as a replacement for the notional pair "computation-implementation". After gradual refinement, taking practical constraints into account, this notion gives rise to the notion "digital system" which singles out physical systems that could be actually used, and possibly even built.

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