This report deals with a parallel algorithmic technique that has proved to be very useful in the design of efficient parallel algorithms for several problems on undirected graphs. We describe this method for searching undirected graphs, called "open ear decomposition", and we relate this decomposition to graph biconnectivity. We present an efficient parallel algorithm for finding this decomposition and we relate it to a sequential algorithm based on depth-first search. We then apply open ear decomposition to obtain an efficient parallel algorithm for testing graph triconnectivity and for finding the triconnnected components of a graph.

This paper applies the parallel tree contraction techniques developed in Miller and paper [Randomness and Computation, 5, S. Micali, ed., JAI Press, 1989, pp. 47-72] to a number of fundamental graph problems. The paper presents an time and processor, a 0-sided randomized algorithm for testing the isomorphism of trees, and an n) time, n-processor algorithm for maximal isomorphism and for common subexpression elimination. An time, n-processor algorithm for computing the canonical forms of trees and subtrees is given. An Ologn time algorithm for computing the tree of 3-connected components of a graph, an n)time algorithm for computing an explicit planar embedding of a planar graph, and an n)time algorithm for computing a canonical form for a planar graph are also given. All these latter algorithms use only processors on a Parallel Random Access Machine (PRAM) model with concurrent writes and concurrent reads.

We give the first correct O(n log n) algorithm for finding a maximum st-flow in a directed planar graph. After a preprocessing step that consists in finding single-source shortest-path distances in the dual, the algorithm consists of repeatedly saturating the leftmost residual s-to-t path.

In this paper, we present a new paradigm that allows dynamically changing the topology of 2-manifold polygonal meshes. Our new paradigm always guarantees topological consistency of polygonal meshes. Based on our paradigm, by simply adding and deleting edges, handles can be created and deleted, holes can be opened or closed, polygonal meshes can be connected or disconnected. These edge insertion and edge deletion operations are highly consistent with subdivision algorithms. In particular, these operations can be easily included into a subdivision modeling system such that the topological changes and subdivision operations can be performed alternatively during model construction. We demonstrate practical examples of topology changes based on this new paradigm and show that the new paradigm is convenient, effective, efficient, and friendly to subdivision surfaces. 1

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In this paper we present a branch-and-bound algorithm for finding the minimum crossing number of a graph. We begin with the vertex set and add edges by selecting every legal option for creating a crossing or not. After each edge is added we determine if the resulting partial graph is planar. We continue adding edges until either all edges have been added or we reach a point where the graph cannot be completed as started. At this point we backtrack to see if the graph can be drawn with fewer crossings by selecting other options when adding edges. keywords: Crossing Number, Algorithm 1 Introduction Determining the crossing number of a graph is an important problem with applications in areas such as circuit design and network configuration [17]. It is this importance that has driven our work in finding the minimum crossing number of a graph. Informally, the crossing number of a graph G, denoted (G), is the minimum number of crossings among all good drawings of G in the plane, where a g...

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In the map verification problem, a robot is given a (possibly incorrect) map M of the world G with its position and orientation indicated on the map. The task is to find out whether this map, for the given robot position and orientation in the map, is correct for the world G. We consider the world model with a graph G =(VG;E G) in which, for each vertex, edges incident to the vertex are ordered cyclically around that vertex. (This holds similarly for the map M =#VM;E M #.) The robot can traverse edges and enumerate edges incident on the current vertex, but it cannot distinguish vertices and edges from each other. To solve the verification problem, the robot uses a portable edge marker, that it can put down and pick up as needed. The robot can recognize the edge marker when it encounters it in G. By reducing the verification problem to an exploration problem, verification can be completed in O(|V G|#|EG |) edge traversals (the mechanical cost) with the help of a single vertex marker which ...

Many polygon mesh algorithms operate in a local manner, yet are formally specified using global indexing schemes. This obscures the essence of these algorithms and makes their specification unnecessarily complex, especially if the mesh topology is modified dynamically. We address these problems by defining a set of local operations on polygon meshes represented by graph rotation systems. We also introduce the vv programming language, which makes it possible to express these operations in a machine−readable form. The usefulness of the vv language is illustrated by the application examples, in which we concentrate on subdivision algorithms for the geometric modeling of surfaces. The algorithms are specified as short, intuitive vv programs, directly executable by the corresponding modeling software.

Many polygon mesh algorithms operate in a local manner, yet are formally specified using global indexing schemes. We address this discrepancy by defining a set of local operations on polygon meshes in relational, index-free terms. We also introduce the vv programming language to express these operations in a machine-readable form. We then apply vv to specify several surface subdivision algorithms. These specifications can be directly executed by the corresponding modeling software. 1