In computer graphics and geometric modeling, shapes are often represented by triangular meshes. With the advent of laser scanning systems, meshes of extreme complexity are rapidly becoming commonplace. Such meshes are notoriously expensive to store, transmit, render, and are awkward to edit. Multiresolution analysis offers a simple, unified, and theoretically sound approach to dealing with these problems. Lounsbery et al. have recently developed a technique for creating multiresolution representations for a restricted class of meshes with subdivision connectivity. Unfortunately, meshes encountered in practice typically do not meet this requirement. In this paper we present a method for overcoming the subdivision connectivity restriction, meaning that completely arbitrary meshes can now be converted to multiresolution form. The method is based on the approximation of an arbitrary initial mesh M by a mesh M that has subdivision connectivity and is guaranteed to be within a specified tolerance. The key

Figure 1 An image analogy. Our problem is to compute a new “analogous ” image B ′ that relates to B in “the same way ” as A ′ relates to A. Here, A, A ′ , and B are inputs to our algorithm, and B ′ is the output. The full-size images are shown in Figures 10 and 11. This paper describes a new framework for processing images by example, called “image analogies. ” The framework involves two stages: a design phase, in which a pair of images, with one image purported to be a “filtered ” version of the other, is presented as “training data”; and an application phase, in which the learned filter is applied to some new target image in order to create an “analogous” filtered result. Image analogies are based on a simple multiscale autoregression, inspired primarily by recent results in texture synthesis. By choosing different types of source image pairs as input, the framework supports a wide variety of “image filter ” effects, including traditional image filters, such as blurring or embossing; improved texture synthesis, in which some textures are synthesized with higher quality than by previous approaches; super-resolution, in which a higher-resolution image is inferred from a low-resolution source; texture transfer, in which images are “texturized ” with some arbitrary source texture; artistic filters, in which various drawing and painting styles are synthesized based on scanned real-world examples; and texture-by-numbers, in which realistic scenes, composed of a variety of textures, are created using a simple painting interface.

During the last years the concept of multi-resolution modeling has gained special attention in many fields of computer graphics and geometric modeling. In this paper we generalize powerful multiresolution techniques to arbitrary triangle meshes without requiring subdivision connectivity. Our major observation is that the hierarchy of nested spaces which is the structural core element of most multi-resolution algorithms can be replaced by the sequence of intermediate meshes emerging from the application of incremental mesh decimation. Performing such schemes with local frame coding of the detail coefficients already provides effective and efficient algorithms to extract multi-resolution information from unstructured meshes. In combination with discrete fairing techniques, i.e., the constrained minimization of discrete energy functionals, we obtain very fast mesh smoothing algorithms which are able to reduce noise from a geometrically specified frequency band in a multiresolution decomposition. Putting mesh hierarchies, local frame coding and multi-level smoothing together allows us to propose a flexible and intuitive paradigm for interactive detail-preserving mesh modification. We show examples generated by our mesh modeling tool implementation to demonstrate its functionality.

We describe a simple technique for editing captured or keyframed animation based on warping of the motion parameter curves. The animator interactively defines a set of keyframe-like constraints which are used to derive a smooth deformation that preserves the fine structure of the original motion. Motion clips are combined by overlapping and blending of the parameter curves. We show that whole families of realistic motions can be derived from a single captured motion sequence using only a few keyframes to specify the motion warp. Our technique makes it feasible to create libraries of reusable "clip motion." 1 Introduction Systems for real-time 3-D motion capture have recently become commercially available. These systems hold promise as a means of producing highly realistic human figure animation with more ease and efficiency than traditional techniques afford. Motion capture can be used to create custom animation, or to create libraries of reusable clip-motion. Clip-motion libraries co...

We describe a multiresolution representation for meshes based on subdivision. Subdivision is a natural extension of the existing patch-based surface representations. At the same time subdivision algorithms can be viewed as operating directly on polygonal meshes, which makes them a useful tool for mesh manipulation. Combination of subdivision and smoothing algorithms of Taubin [26] allows us to construct a set of algorithms for interactive multiresolution editing of complex meshes of arbitrary topology. Simplicity of the essential algorithms for re nement and coarsi cation allows to make them local and adaptive, considerably improving their efficiency. We have built a scalable interactive multiresolution editing system based on such algorithms.

This paper presents a technique for adapting existing motion of a human-like character to have the desired features that are specified by a set of constraints. This problem can be typically formulated as a spacetime constraint problem. Our approach combines a hierarchical curve fitting technique with a new inverse kinematics solver. Using the kinematics solver, we can adjust the configuration of an articulated figure to meet the constraints in each frame. Through the fitting technique, the motion displacement of every joint at each constrained frame is interpolated and thus smoothly propagated to frames. We are able to adaptively add motion details to satisfy the constraints within a specified tolerance by adopting a multilevel B-spline representation which also provides a speedup for the interpolation. The performance of our system is further enhanced by the new inverse kinematics solver. We present a closed-form solution to compute the joint angles of a limb linkage. This analytical m...

This paper presents a survey of the work done in modeling deformable objects within the computer graphics research community. The research has a long history and a wide variety of approaches have been used. This paper organizes the diversity of research by the technique used rather than by the application, although applications are discussed throughout. This paper presents some purely geometric approaches for modeling deformable objects, but focuses on physically based approaches. In the latter category are mass-spring models, nite element models, approximate continuum models, and low degree of freedom models. Special emphasis is placed on nite element models, which o er the greatest accuracy, but have seen limited use in computer graphics. The paper also suggests important areas for future research. 1

We present an interactive system for creating pen-and-ink illustrations. The system uses stroke textures—collections of strokes arranged in different patterns—to generate texture and tone. The user “paints ” with a desired stroke texture to achieve a desired tone, and the computer draws all of the individual strokes. The system includes support for using scanned or rendered images for reference to provide the user with guides for outline and tone. By following these guides closely, the illustration system can be used for interactive digital halftoning, in which stroke textures are applied to convey details that would otherwise be lost in this blackand-white medium. By removing the burden of placing individual strokes from the user, the illustration system makes it possible to create fine stroke work with a purely mouse-based interface. Thus, this approach holds promise for bringing high-quality black-and-white illustration to the world of personal computing and desktop publishing.

this paper. Thanks also go to Ronen Barzel, Steven Gortler, Michael Shantzis, and the anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments. This work was supported by NSF Presidential and National Young Investigator awards (CCR-8957323 and CCR-9357790), by NSF grant CDA9123308, by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, by the University of Washington Royalty Research Fund (65-9731), and by industrial gifts from Adobe, Aldus, Microsoft, and Xerox. References

Multiresolution analysis has been proposed as a basic tool supporting compression, progressive transmission, and level-of-detail control of complex meshes in a unified and theoretically sound way.