this paper we provide a uniform approach to modelling them in categories of modest sets. To do this, we identify appropriate structure for doing "domain theory" in such "realizability models". In Sections 2 and 3 we introduce PCAs and define the associated "realizability" categories of assemblies and modest sets. Next, in Section 4, we prepare for our development of domain theory with an analysis of nontermination. Previous approaches have used (relatively complicated) categorical formulations of partial maps for this purpose. Instead, motivated by the idea that A provides a primitive programming language, we consider a simple notion of "diverging" computation within A itself. This leads to a theory of divergences from which a notion of (computable) partial function is derived together with a lift monad classifying partial functions. The next task is to isolate a subcategory of modest sets with sufficient structure for supporting analogues of the usual domain-theoretic constructions. First, we expect to be able to interpret the standard constructions of total type theory in this category, so it should inherit cartesian-closure, coproducts and the natural numbers from modest sets. Second, it should interact well with the notion of partiality, so it should be closed under application of the lift functor. Third, it should allow the recursive definition of partial functions. This is achieved by obtaining a fixpoint object in the category, as defined in (Crole and Pitts 1992). Finally, although there is in principle no definitive list of requirements on such a category, one would like it to support more complicated constructions such as those required to interpret polymorphic and recursive types. The central part of the paper (Sections 5, 6, 7 and 9) is devoted to establish...

A program derivation is said to be polytypic if some of its parameters are data types. Often these data types are container types, whose elements store data. Polytypic program derivations necessitate a general, non-inductive definition of `container (data) type'. Here we propose such a definition: a container type is a relator that has membership. It is shown how this definition implies various other properties that are shared by all container types. In particular, all container types have a unique strength, and all natural transformations between container types are strong. Capsule Review Progress in a scientific dicipline is readily equated with an increase in the volume of knowledge, but the true milestones are formed by the introduction of solid, precise and usable definitions. Here you will find the first generic (`polytypic') definition of the notion of `container type', a definition that is remarkably simple and suitable for formal generic proofs (as is amply illustrated in t...

We introduce the notion of an equational lifting monad: a commutative strong monad satisfying one additional equation (valid for monads arising from partial map classifiers). We prove that any equational lifting monad has a representation by a partial map classifier such that the Kleisli category of the former fully embeds in the partial category of the latter. Thus equational lifting monads precisely capture the (partial) equational properties of partial map classifiers. The representation theorem also provides a tool for transferring non-equational properties of partial map classifiers to equational lifting monads. It is proved using a direct axiomatization of the Kleisli categories of equational lifting monads as abstract Kleisli categories with extra structure. This axiomatization is of interest in its own right. 1

The object of study of the present paper may be considered as a model, in an elementary topos with a natural numbers object, of a non-classical variation of the Peano arithmetic. The new feature consists in admitting, in addition to the constant (zero) s0 2 N and the unary operation (the successor map) s1 : N ! N, arbitrary operations su : N u ! N of arities u `between 0 and 1'. That is, u is allowed to range over subsets of a singleton set.

structure on an object A is just a map X⊗A → A⊗X. We study aspects of such structures in case A has a dual object. We consider a monoidal category V, ⊗, I; for simplicity we let it be strict (the application we have in mind is anyway a category of endofuncors on a