Emerald is a distributed, object-oriented system running on a set of workstations. The Emerald Garbage Collection is based on two set of collectors, both based on the traditional mark-and-sweep techniques: A node local working independently on each Emerald node (workstation) and a global garbage collection working across the entire network of Emerald nodes. Both type of collectors proceed simultaneous and in parallel (on-the-fly) with the executing processes. To make pauses introduced by garbage collection negligible, the mark-phase proceeds incrementally using a builtin object protection mechanism of non-marked objects. The mark-phase marks the set of running processes (root set) when garbage collection is initiated. On-the-fly, when a process invokes an operation in another object, the markphase proceeds by traversing the invoked object before the invocation is performed. We do this by ensuring that an invocation of a non-traversed object fails with a GC-fault. The corresponding fau...

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