Multiple antennas can be used for increasing the amount of diversity or the number of degrees of freedom in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose the point of view that both types of gains can be simultaneously obtained for a given multiple antenna channel, but there is a fundamental tradeo# between how much of each any coding scheme can get. For the richly scattered Rayleigh fading channel, we give a simple characterization of the optimal tradeo# curve and use it to evaluate the performance of existing multiple antenna schemes.

Multiple-antenna systems that operate at high rates require simple yet effective space-time transmission schemes to handle the large traffic volume in real time. At rates of tens of bits/sec/Hz, V-BLAST, where every antenna transmits its own independent substream of data, has been shown to have good performance and simple encoding and decoding. Yet V-BLAST suffers from its inability to work with fewer receive antennas than transmit antennas---this deficiency is especially important for modern cellular systems where a basestation typically has more antennas than the mobile handsets. Furthermore, because V-BLAST transmits independent data streams on its antennas there is no built-in spatial coding to guard against deep fades from any given transmit antenna. On the other hand, there are many previously-proposed space-time codes that have good fading resistance and simple decoding, but these codes generally have poor performance at high data rates or with many antennas. We propose a high-rate coding scheme that can handle any...

In this paper, we study the capacity of multiple-antenna fading channels. We focus on the scenario where the fading coefficients vary quickly; thus an accurate estimation of the coefficients is generally not available to either the transmitter or the receiver. We use a noncoherent block fading model proposed by Marzetta and Hochwald. The model does not assume any channel side information at the receiver or at the transmitter, but assumes that the coefficients remain constant for a coherence interval of length symbol periods. We compute the asymptotic capacity of this channel at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in terms of the coherence time , the number of transmit antennas , and the number of receive antennas . While the capacity gain of the coherent multiple antenna channel is min bits per second per hertz for every 3-dB increase in SNR, the corresponding gain for the noncoherent channel turns out to be (1 ) bits per second per herz, where = min 2 . The capacity expression has a geometric interpretation as sphere packing in the Grassmann manifold.

We provide an overview of the extensive recent results on the Shannon capacity of single-user and multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Although enormous capacity gains have been predicted for such channels, these predictions are based on somewhat unrealistic assumptions about the underlying time-varying channel model and how well it can be tracked at the receiver, as well as at the transmitter. More realistic assumptions can dramatically impact the potential capacity gains of MIMO techniques. For time-varying MIMO channels there are multiple Shannon theoretic capacity definitions and, for each definition, different correlation models and channel information assumptions that we consider. We first provide a comprehensive summary of ergodic and capacity versus outage results for single-user MIMO channels. These results indicate that the capacity gain obtained from multiple antennas heavily depends

One method for communicating with multiple antennas is to encode the transmitted data differentially using unitary matrices at the transmitter, and to decode differentially without knowing the channel coefficients at the receiver. Since channel knowledge is not required at the receiver, differential schemes are ideal for use on wireless links where channel tracking is undesirable or infeasible, either because of rapid changes in the channel characteristics or because of limited system resources. Although this basic principle is well understood, it is not known how to generate good-performing constellations of unitary matrices, for any number of transmit and receive antennas and for any rate. This is especially true at high rates where the constellations must be rapidly encoded and decoded. We propose a class of Cayley codes that works with any number of antennas, and has efficient encoding and decoding at any rate. The codes are named for their use of the Cayley transform, which maps the highly nonlinear Stiefel manifold of unitary matrices to the linear space of skew-Hermitian matrices. This transformation leads to a simple linear constellation structure in the Cayley transform domain and to an information-theoretic design criterion based on emulating a Cauchy random matrix. Moreover, the resulting Cayley codes allow polynomial-time near-maximum-likelihood decoding based on either successive nulling/cancelling or sphere decoding. Simulations show that the Cayley codes allow efficient and effective high-rate data transmission in multi-antenna communication systems without knowing the channel.

Abstract—In this paper, we propose a combined adaptive power control and beamforming framework for optimizing multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) link capacity in the presence of feedback-link capacity constraint. The feedback1 is assumed to be noiseless and causal with a feedback capacity constraint in terms of maximum number of feedback bits per fading block. We show that the hybrid design could achieve the optimal MIMO link capacity, and we derive a computationally efficient algorithm to search for the optimal design under a specific average power constraint. Finally, we shall illustrate that a minimum mean-square error spatial processor with a successive interference canceller at the receiver could be used to realize the optimal capacity. We found that feedback effectively enhances the forward channel capacity for all signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values when the number of transmit antennas @ A is larger than the number of receive antennas @ A. The SNR gain with feedback is contributed by focusing transmission power on active eigenchannel and temporal power waterfilling. The former factor contributed, at most, IH ���IH @ A dB SNR gain when, while the latter factor’s SNR gain is significant only for low SNR values. Index Terms—Communication theory with partial feedback, multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) link with partial feedback. I.

This paper provides analytical characterizations of the impact on the multiple-antenna capacity of several important features that fall outside the standard multiple-antenna model, namely: i) antenna correlation, ii) Ricean factors, iii) polarization diversity, and iv) out-of-cell interference; all in the regime of low signal-to-noise ratio. The interplay of rate, bandwidth, and power is analyzed in the region of energy per bit close to its minimum value. The analysis yields practical design lessons for arbitrary number of antennas in the transmit and receive arrays.

In this paper , we devise theoretical grounds for constructing channel models for Multi-input Multioutput (MIMO) systems based on information theoretic tools. The paper provides a general method to derive a channel model which is consistent with one's state of knowledge. The framework we give here has already been fruitfully explored with success in the context of Bayesian spectrum analysis and parameter estimation. For each channel model, we conduct an asymptotic analysis (in the number of antennas) of the achievable transmission rate using tools from random matrix theory. A central limit theorem is provided on the asymptotic behavior of the mutual information and validated in the finite case by simulations. The results are both useful in terms of designing a system based on criteria such as quality of service and in optimizing transmissions in multiuser networks .

The design of pilot assisted wireless transmissions is considered from signal processing and information theoretical perspectives. A general pilot placement model is presented and related figures of merit discussed. A survey of recent pilot assisted transmission theory and techniques is provided.

The problem of design and placing pilot symbols for the estimation of frequency selective random channels is considered. For both SISO and MIMO channels, the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) on the mean square error of channel estimators is derived and minimized with respect to the pilot symbols and their placement. It is shown that placing pilot symbols, possibly in multiple clusters, in the middle of the data packet leads to minimum CRB.