Results 1 -
8 of
8
Defining, understanding, and supporting open collaboration: Lessons from the literature. American Behavioral Scientist
, 2013
"... The past twenty years have seen broad popularization of a relatively novel kind of human enterprise: open collaboration. Open collaboration projects are distributed, collaborative efforts made possible because of changes in information and communication technology that facilitate cooperative activit ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 7 (2 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The past twenty years have seen broad popularization of a relatively novel kind of human enterprise: open collaboration. Open collaboration projects are distributed, collaborative efforts made possible because of changes in information and communication technology that facilitate cooperative activities. The groundswell of open collaboration could be felt in the open source movement of the 90s but became unmistakable with the growth of projects like Wikipedia and, in particular, the maturation of research to help explain how and why such systems work, who participates, and when they might fail. By now thousands of scholars have written about open collaboration systems, many hundreds of thousands of people have participated in them, and millions of people use products of open collaboration every day. This special issue of American Behavioral Scientist assembles interdisciplinary scholarship that examines different aspects of open collaboration and the diverse systems that support it. The goal of this short introductory piece is to define open collaboration and contextualize a set of articles that span multiple disciplines and methods in a common vocabulary and history. We provide a definition of open collaboration and situate the phenomenon within an interrelated set of scholarly and ideological movements. We then examine the properties of open collaboration systems that have given rise to research and review major areas of scholarship, including the works in this issue, and close with a
Personality-targeted design: Theory, experimental procedure, and preliminary results
, 2013
"... We introduce a framework for personality-targeted design. Much like a medical treatment applied to a person based on his specific genetic profile, we make the case for theory-driven personalized UI design, and argue that it can be more effective than design applied equally to the entire population. ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 6 (3 self)
- Add to MetaCart
We introduce a framework for personality-targeted design. Much like a medical treatment applied to a person based on his specific genetic profile, we make the case for theory-driven personalized UI design, and argue that it can be more effective than design applied equally to the entire population. In particular, we show that users’ conscientiousness levels determine their reactions to UI indicators of critical mass. We created a simulated social recommender system in which participants answer a short personality questionnaire and are subsequently presented with a picture of a pet that purports to be the “best match” for their personality. We then manipulated the UI by providing indicators of the existence and the lack of critical mass. We tested whether the interaction between personality and UI design affects users ’ participation. The findings validate our hypothesis, showing that manipulation of the critical mass indicators affect high-conscientiousness and low-conscientiousness participants in opposite directions. Author Keywords Social psychology; theory-driven design; personality;
Researching Crowdsourcing Software Development
- Perspectives and Concerns ‘, in First International Workshop on Crowdsourcing in Software Engineering (CSI-SE) Hyderbad
, 2014
"... ABSTRACT Crowdsourcing is an emerging form of 'outsourcing' software development. While there has been considerable research in the area of crowdsourcing in general, very little research has focused specifically on how crowdsourcing works in a software development context, and as far as w ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 4 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
ABSTRACT Crowdsourcing is an emerging form of 'outsourcing' software development. While there has been considerable research in the area of crowdsourcing in general, very little research has focused specifically on how crowdsourcing works in a software development context, and as far as we know, there have been no published studies of crowdsourcing software development from a customer perspective. Based on a review of the literature, we identified a number of key concerns related to crowdsourcing that are of particular importance in a software development context. Furthermore, we observed a number of recurring key stakeholders, or actors, each of whom has a unique perspective on crowdsourcing. This paper presents a research framework that consists of the various combinations of stakeholders and key concerns. The framework can be used to guide future research on the use of crowdsourcing as a 'sourcing' strategy, as well as a means to review and synthesize research findings so as to be able to compare studies on crowdsourcing in a software development context.
Critical mass of what? Exploring community growth in WikiProjects
- In ICWSM ’14
"... Fledgling online communities often hope to achieve critical mass so that the community becomes sustainable. This con-cept however is not well understood. At what point does a community achieve critical mass, and how does the commu-nity know this? Furthermore, online communities become sustainable wh ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 2 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Fledgling online communities often hope to achieve critical mass so that the community becomes sustainable. This con-cept however is not well understood. At what point does a community achieve critical mass, and how does the commu-nity know this? Furthermore, online communities become sustainable when they achieve a mass of what? We explore this question by analyzing growth in a large number of online communities on Wikipedia. We find that individual commu-nities often have different patterns of growth of membership from its pattern of growth of contribution or production. We also find that in the early stages of community development, building membership has a greater impact on community pro-duction and activity in later periods than accumulating many contributions early on, and this is especially true when there is more diversity in the early participants in a community. We also show that participation from a community’s ”power users ” in its early stage is not as valuable to sustainability as the collective contributions of those who make only small contributions. We argue that critical mass is established by developing a diverse set of community members with hetero-geneous interests and resources, and not purely by accumu-lating content.
How social media engagement leads to sports channel loyalty: Mediating roles of social presence and channel commitment
"... a b s t r a c t Social TV is defined as real-time backchannel communication on social networking sites (SNSs) during a live television broadcast. Despite some pessimistic forecasts concerning the impact of social TV on viewing behaviors, broadcasters have found that the social TV phenomenon plays a ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
a b s t r a c t Social TV is defined as real-time backchannel communication on social networking sites (SNSs) during a live television broadcast. Despite some pessimistic forecasts concerning the impact of social TV on viewing behaviors, broadcasters have found that the social TV phenomenon plays a positive role in boosting television ratings. We examine whether television viewers' backchannel communication during a megasporting event has a positive effect on their sports channel loyalty. A survey of a randomly drawn sample (N = 500) from national panel data in South Korea was conducted right after the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games. On the basis of theories in web interactivity, emotional attachment, and company-consumer identification, we proposed three levels of social TV engagement. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis yielded the tripartite dimensions of social media engagement (i.e., functional, emotional, and communal) among viewers of social TV. A test of the structural equation model (SEM) revealed that functional engagement had a direct impact on social presence and that the communal engagement had a direct effect on channel loyalty. The effect of emotional engagement on channel loyalty was mediated by channel commitment. The social presence led to channel loyalty mediated by channel commitment.
Increasing citizen science contribution using a virtual peer
"... Online participation is becoming an increasingly common means for individuals to con-tribute to citizen science projects, yet such projects often rely on only a small fraction of participants to make the majority of contributions. Here, we investigate a means for influenc-ing the performance of citi ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Online participation is becoming an increasingly common means for individuals to con-tribute to citizen science projects, yet such projects often rely on only a small fraction of participants to make the majority of contributions. Here, we investigate a means for influenc-ing the performance of citizen scientists towards enhancing overall participation. Building on prior social comparison research, we pair citizen scientists with a software-based virtual peer in an environmental monitoring project. Through a series of experiments in which virtual peers outperform, underperform, or perform similarly to human participants, we investigate the in-fluence of their presence on citizen science participation.To offer insight into the psychological determinants to the response to this intervention, we propose a new dynamic model describing the bidirectional interaction between humans and virtual peers. Our results demonstrate that participant contribution can be enhanced through the presence of a virtual peer, creating a feedback loop where participants tend to increase or decrease their contribution in response to their peers ’ performance. By including virtual peers that systematically outperform the par-ticipants, we demonstrate a fourfold increase in the number of image tags that are contributed as part of the citizen science project.
How Beliefs about the Presence of Machine Translation Impact Multilingual Collaborations
"... ABSTRACT Traditional communication tools tend to make their presence known, e.g., "when my collaborators and I are using IM to discuss our work, how could we not realize the actual presence of IM?" In the case of machine translation (MT) mediated collaborations, however, the absence or pr ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
ABSTRACT Traditional communication tools tend to make their presence known, e.g., "when my collaborators and I are using IM to discuss our work, how could we not realize the actual presence of IM?" In the case of machine translation (MT) mediated collaborations, however, the absence or presence of MT is not obvious. English sentences with poor grammar can result from both a partner's lack of fluency and errors in the MT process. We hypothesize that partners' attributions about the source of the errors affects their collaboration experience. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which monolingual native English speaking participants collaborated with bilingual native-Mandarin speakers on a map navigation task. Participants were randomly assigned into a 2 (beliefs about MT: absence vs. presence) by 2 (actual mediation of MT: absence vs. presence) experiment design. Beliefs about presence of MT significantly impacted the collaboration experience, opening new opportunities for both research and design around MT-mediated collaborations.
Hidden or Implicit Contextual Factors Influencing User Participation in Online Production Communities
"... User participation is an inextricable part of online communities that live off user-generated content. Since these communities depend on sustained participation, they often employ various incentives to maximize the contributions and collective intelligence of users. Most prior research on user parti ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
User participation is an inextricable part of online communities that live off user-generated content. Since these communities depend on sustained participation, they often employ various incentives to maximize the contributions and collective intelligence of users. Most prior research on user participation is focused on one specific type of production community (e.g. open source or Wikipedia) or on explicit incentives. However, despite the large body of literature devoted to this area, few systematic attempts have yet been made to identify common hidden or implicit factors. These factors sometimes have considerable impact on user commitment and participation. In this paper, we review and organize the pertinent literature and provide a generic list of implicit factors that account for a sustained flow of contributions. We also hypothesize a model that represents the interdependencies of some of these factors. The outcome provides community designers with a fine-grained knowledge framework and the corresponding design guidelines.
