The traditional camera is based on the principle of the camera obscura and produces linear perspective images. A computational camera uses unconventional optics to capture a coded image and software to decode the captured image to produce new forms of visual information. We show examples of computational cameras that capture wide field of view images, high dynamic range images, multispectral images, and depth images. We also describe through examples how the capability of a computational camera can be enhanced by using a controllable optical system for forming the image and a programmable light source as the camera’s flash. 1. The Traditional Camera Most cameras in use today are based on the principle of