We describe a fault-tolerant one-way quantum computer on cluster states in three dimensions. The presented scheme uses methods of topological error correction resulting from a link between cluster states and surface codes. The error threshold is 1.4 % for local depolarizing error and 0.11 % for each source in an error model with preparation-, gate-, storage- and measurement errors. 1

Abstract. We present a theory and applications of discrete exterior calculus on simplicial complexes of arbitrary finite dimension. This can be thought of as calculus on a discrete space. Our theory includes not only discrete differential forms but also discrete vector fields and the operators acting on these objects. This allows us to address the various interactions between forms and vector fields (such as Lie derivatives) which are important in applications. Previous attempts at discrete exterior calculus have addressed only differential forms. We also introduce the notion of a circumcentric dual of a simplicial complex. The importance of dual complexes in this field has been well understood, but previous researchers have used barycentric subdivision or barycentric duals. We show that the use of circumcentric duals is crucial in arriving at a theory of discrete

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1. Overview of Perelman’s argument 6 2. Background material from Riemannian geometry 11 3. Background material from Ricci flow 14

A local po-space is a gluing of topological spaces which are equipped with a closed partial ordering representing the time flow. They are used as a formalization of higher dimensional automata (see for instance [6]) which model concurrent systems in computer science. It is known [11] that there are two distinct notions of deformation of higher dimensional automata, “spatial” and “temporal”, leaving invariant computer scientific properties like presence or absence of deadlocks. Unfortunately, the formalization of these notions is still unknown in the general case of local po-spaces. We introduce here a particular kind of local po-space, the “globular CW-complexes”, for which we formalize these notions of deformations and which are sufficient to formalize

We present an algorithm for finding shortest surface non-separating cycles in graphs embedded on surfaces in O(g 3/2 V 3/2 log V + g 5/2 V 1/2) time, where V is the number of vertices in the graph and g is the genus of the surface. If g = o(V 1/3−ε), this represents a considerable improvement over previous results by Thomassen, and Erickson and Har-Peled. We also give algorithms to find a shortest non-contractible cycle in O(g O(g) V 3/2) time, which improves previous results for fixed genus. This result can be applied for computing the (non-separating) face-width of embedded graphs. Using similar ideas we provide the first near-linear running time algorithm for computing the face-width of a graph embedded on the projective plane, and an algorithm to find the face-width of embedded toroidal graphs in O(V 5/4 log V) time. 1

Extracting isosurfaces from volumetric datasets is an essential step for indirect volume rendering algorithms. For physically measured data like it is used, e.g. in medical imaging applications one often introduces topological errors such as small handles that stem from measurement inaccuracy and cavities that are generated by tight folds of an organ. During isosurface extraction these measurement errors result in a surface whose genus is much higher than that of the actual surface. In many cases however, the topological type of the object under consideration is known beforehand, e.g., the cortex of a human brain is always homeomorphic to a sphere. By using topology preserving morphological operators we can exploit this knowledge to gradually dilate an initial set of voxels with correct topology until it fits the target isosurface. This approach avoids the formation of handles and cavities and guarantees a topologically correct reconstruction of the object's surface.

We consider coverage problems in sensor networks of stationary nodes with minimal geometric data. In particular, there are no coordinates and no localization of nodes. We introduce a new technique for detecting holes in coverage by means of homology, an algebraic topological invariant. The impetus for these techniques is a completion of network communication graphs to two types of simplicial complexes: the nerve complex and the Rips complex. The former gives information about coverage intersection of individual sensor nodes, and is very difficult to compute. The latter captures connectivity in terms of inter-node communication: it is easy to compute but does not in itself yield coverage data. We obtain coverage data by using persistence of homology classes for Rips complexes. These homological invariants are computable: we provide simulation results. I.

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In this study we concentrate on qualitative topological analysis of the local behavior of the space of natural images. To this end, we use a space of 3 by 3 high-contrast patches M studied by Mumford et al. We develop a theoretical model for the high-density 2-dimensional submanifold of M showing that it has the topology of the Klein bottle. Using our topological software package PLEX we experimentally verify our theoretical conclusions. We use polynomial representation to give coordinatization to various subspaces of M. We find the best-fitting embedding of the Klein bottle into the ambient space of M. Our results are currently being used in developing a compression algorithm based on a Klein bottle dictionary.