Heinrich Wansing Dresden University of Technology The knowability paradox is an instance of a remarkable reasoning pattern (actually, a pair of such patterns), in the course of which an occurrence of the possibility operator, the diamond, disappears. In the present paper, it is pointed out how the unwanted disappearance of the diamond may be escaped. The emphasis is not laid on a discussion of the contentious premise of the knowability paradox, namely that all truths are possibly known, but on how from this assumption the conclusion is derived that all truths are, in fact, known. Nevertheless, the solution o#ered is in the spirit of the constructivist attitude usually maintained by defenders of the anti-realist premise. In order to avoid the paradoxical reasoning, a paraconsistent constructive relevant modal epistemic logic with strong negation is defined semantically. The system is axiomatized and shown to be complete.

This paper deals with the problem of a program that is essentially the same over any of several types but which, in the older imperative languages must be rewritten for each separate type. For example, a sort routine may be written with essentially the same code except for the types for integers, booleans, and strings. It is clearly desirable to have a method of writing a piece of code that can accept the specific type as an argument. Milner developed his ideas in terms of type assignment to lambda-terms. It is based on a result due originally to Curry (Curry 1969) and Hindley (Hindley 1969) known as the principal type-scheme theorem, which says that (assuming that the typing assumptions are sufficiently wellbehaved) every term has a principal type-scheme, which is a type-scheme such that every other type-scheme which can be proved for the given term is obtained by a substitution of types for type variables. This use of type schemes allows a kind of generality over all types, which is known as polymorphism.