The classification of universal amplifiers presented in this paper places all operational amplifiers and current conveyors known from the literature into a common framework, together with abstract concepts such as the universal active element and the nullor. Our approach is new in that we base it on four-terminal theory, which results in a classification that is more extensive but not more complex than classifications derived using two-port theory. It turns out that our classification contains a new type of operational amplifier, which we call current-feedback operational transconductance amplifier (CFB OTA), and also a new class of voltage-inverting current conveyors. We then demonstrate that our classification is very closely related to integrated-amplifier design by showing how all operational amplifiers and current conveyors can be implemented in CMOS using only a few CMOS circuits. Since the basic ideas behind CMOS and bipolar circuits are very similar, this paper is not process specific and can be seen as an attempt to bridge the gap between amplifier theory and amplifier design that has become ever wider in the past few years.

This paper is a tutorial introduction to field-programmable analog arrays, as well as a review of existing field-programmable analog array architectures, of both educational and industrial origin. Circuit issues relevant to the development of high-bandwidth FPAAs are presented. A current conveyor-based architecture, which promises to achieve video bandwidths, is described. Test results are presented for the CMOS current conveyor-based FPAA building block, with programmable transconductors and capacitors. Measurements indicate bandwidths in excess of 10MHz, and functionality of amplifiers, integrators, differentiators, and adders. The die area is 1.5mm x 3.5mm in a 0.8μm CMOS technology. 1.

In this paper, a quiescent built-in current (BIC) monitor based on a second generation current conveyor CCII+ is presented. The monitor circuit minimises the power supply voltage degradation and provides a sensitive detection of defects that cause an elevated value of the I DDQ current. The proposed monitor offers an accurate current measurement and has a wide operation range. The CCII+ based current monitor is able to handle huge digital ASICs. Significant results summarising possibilities and limitations of the circuit are discussed as well. The design was implemented through Alcatel-Mietec 0.7m CMOS technology and an evaluation of the prototype chips has been carried out. An experimental application of the proposed monitor in new analogue self-test structure was considered. 1 Introduction It was found out that a number of realistic physical CMOS defects, such as gate-oxide shorts, bridges, opens and floating gates, are not detected by a conventional voltage based test approach. Qu...

This article presents a voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter performing completely standard functions: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass functions, Second generation current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs). The features of the circuit are that: the quality factor and pole frequency can be tuned independently via the input bias currents: the circuit description is very simple, consisting of merely 3 CCCIIs and 2 capacitors. Without any external resistors and require component matching conditions, the proposed circuit is very appropriate to further develop into an integrated circuit. The PSPICE simulation results are depicted. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.

In this work, new oscillator topologies based on a recently introduced active element, namely inverting second-generation current conveyor, are presented. This recently introduced unity gain based active element is suitable for integrated circuit realization and can easily be implemented with CMOS technology. Considering this fact, basic oscillator topologies employing a single, two and three conveyors are proposed. Several oscillator circuits based on these topologies are obtained. Expressions for oscillation conditions and frequencies are derived both for ideal and non-ideal cases. Some of them are single frequency and the others are variable frequency oscillators. The oscillators employing two and three active elements use only grounded passive elements. The presented oscillators are tested with SPICE simulations to verify the theoretical results. 1.

requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology (Honours) in 2006, is an authentic record of the work carried out by Siddharth Seth under my guidance and supervision. In my opinion, this work fulfills the requirement for which it has been submitted. This thesis has not been submitted to any other university or institution for any degree or diploma.

Abstract: Offering higher bandwidth than its voltage-feedback counterpart, the second-generation current conveyor operational amplifier (CCII) can be used in RF mixers, high-frequency precision rectifiers, and medical applications such as electrical impedance tomography. The conventional operational amplifiers cannot be used in the high-frequency applications due to their limited gain-bandwidth product.

Abstract—In this paper, a new BiCMOS CCII and CCCII, capable of operate at ±0.5V and having wide dynamic range with achieved bandwidth of 480MHz and 430MHz respectively have been proposed. The structures have been found to be insensitive to the threshold voltage variations. The proposed circuits are suitable for implementation using 0.25µm BiCMOS technology. Pspice simulations confirm the performance of the proposed structures. Keywords—BiCMOS, Current conveyor, Compound current conveyor, Low supply voltage, Threshold voltage variation.

A currentmode pulse width modulator (PWM) based on active floating inductance is presented. The modulator consists of a cascade structure of a current conveyor (CCII) based active inductor as a triangular current wave generator (TCWG) and a current comparator to generate the output PWM by comparing the triangular and reference currents. The proposed current conveyor and PWM circuit are designed and the obtained performance metrics corresponding to HSPICE simulations in 0.18 μm CMOS process and ±1.5 V supply voltage reveal the performance of the modulator.

CNFET is generally considered to be one of the most appealing next generation transistors because of its high current carrying capacity and ballistic transport property. This paper investigates the performance analysis of Dual-X Current Conveyor with the CNFET technology, by varying the CNT diameter at 32nm technology node. Current Bandwidth, Input and Output Port resistances of the device along with the average power dissipated are chosen as the parameters of reference for carrying out the analysis. The impact of scaled power supply voltage, on the parameters of interest has also been explored. HSPICE simulator has been used to carry out the extensive simulations at a reduced power supply of ±0.9V.