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Is diversification rate related to climatic niche width? Glob
- Ecol. Biogeogr
, 2014
"... ABSTRACT Aim Diversification rates are critically important for understanding patterns of species richness, both among clades and among regions. However, the ecological correlates of variation in diversification rates remain poorly explored. Here, we test several hypotheses relating diversification ..."
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ABSTRACT Aim Diversification rates are critically important for understanding patterns of species richness, both among clades and among regions. However, the ecological correlates of variation in diversification rates remain poorly explored. Here, we test several hypotheses relating diversification rate and niche width across amphibian families (frogs and salamanders). Location Global. Methods We characterized climatic niches for 5784 amphibian species using databases for species distributions and climate. We estimated the niche width of each family using the range of values for climatic variables across all sampled species, and using the mean of species niche widths. We estimated diversification rates for families given their total number of described species and a timecalibrated phylogeny. We estimated relationships between variables using phylogenetic comparative methods. Results We found a significant positive relationship between family niche width and diversification rate, but a weak relationship between mean species niche width and diversification rate, despite both niche width variables being correlated. In fact, the deviation from this relationship (i.e. residuals of family niche width versus mean species niche width) was the best predictor of diversification rate. The observed relationship between niche width and diversification was independent of clade range size and niche position (e.g. whether clades occurred in tropical or temperate climates) and significantly different from null patterns derived from random sampling effects. Main conclusions Our results identify climatic niche width, and especially the relationship between family and species-level niche widths, as a major correlate of diversification rates among amphibian families. These results suggest that climatic niche divergence among species within clades can be important in explaining large-scale diversity patterns, possibly even more so than a clade's geographic area or whether it is primarily temperate or tropical.
How Does Climate Influence Speciation? How Does Climate Influence Speciation?
"... JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about J ..."
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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Online enhancement: appendix. abstract: Variation in climatic conditions over space and time is thought to be an important driver of speciation. However, the role of climate has not been explored in the theoretical literature on speciation, and the theory underlying empirical studies of climate and speciation has come largely from informal, verbal models. In this study, we develop a quantitative model to test a relatively new but theoretically untested model of speciation (speciation via niche conservatism) and to examine the climatic conditions under which speciation via niche conservatism and speciation via niche divergence are most plausible. Our results have three broad implications for the study of speciation: (1) ecological similarity over time (niche conservatism) can be an important part of speciation, despite the traditional emphasis on ecological divergence, (2) long-term directional climate change promotes speciation via niche conservatism for species with low climatic-niche lability, whereas climatic oscillations promote speciation via niche divergence for species with high climatic-niche lability, and (3) population extinction can be a key component of speciation.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Climatic niche breadth and species richness in temperate treefrogs
"... Aim Patterns of species richness are often closely linked with climate, but the specific mechanisms by which species ’ climatic niches underlie large-scale rich-ness patterns remain poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that reduced temperature seasonality in the tropics promotes the evolution ..."
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Aim Patterns of species richness are often closely linked with climate, but the specific mechanisms by which species ’ climatic niches underlie large-scale rich-ness patterns remain poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that reduced temperature seasonality in the tropics promotes the evolution of species with narrow temperature niche breadths, and that this hypothesis helps explain high tropical richness. However, the relationship between species ’ climatic niche breadths and species richness has yet to be tested. We have addressed this issue using treefrogs (Hylidae) in eastern North America. Location Eastern North America. Methods We characterized climatic niches and niche breadths for all 24 hylid species in eastern North America using temperature and precipitation variables. We then examined the relationships between species richness, climatic niche positions and climatic niche breadths using phylogenetic comparative methods. Results Species richness was negatively associated with mean climatic niche
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"... What determines the climatic niche width of species? The role of spatial and temporal climatic variation in three vertebrate clades ..."
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What determines the climatic niche width of species? The role of spatial and temporal climatic variation in three vertebrate clades
USA, 2Laborat"orio de Sistem"atica de
"... Aim We used frogs of the clade Allocentroleniae (Centrolenidae + Allophryni-dae; c. 170 species endemic to Neotropical rain forests) as a model system to address the historical biogeography and diversification of Neotropical rain for-est biotas. Location Neotropical rain forests. Methods We used an ..."
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Aim We used frogs of the clade Allocentroleniae (Centrolenidae + Allophryni-dae; c. 170 species endemic to Neotropical rain forests) as a model system to address the historical biogeography and diversification of Neotropical rain for-est biotas. Location Neotropical rain forests. Methods We used an extensive taxon (109 species) and gene (seven nuclear and three mitochondrial genes) sampling to estimate phylogenetic relation-ships, divergence times, ancestral area distributions, dispersal–vicariance events, and the temporal pattern of diversification rate. Results The Allocentroleniae started to diversify in the Eocene in South Amer-ica and by the early Miocene were present in all major Neotropical rain forests except in Central America, which was colonized through 11 late range expan-sions. The initial uplifts of the Andes during the Oligocene and early Miocene, as well as marine incursions in the lowlands, are coincidental with our esti-
1Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas,
"... The influence of the complex topography and dynamic history of the montane Neotropics on the evolutionary differentiation of a cloud forest bird (Premnoplex brunnescens, Furnariidae) ..."
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The influence of the complex topography and dynamic history of the montane Neotropics on the evolutionary differentiation of a cloud forest bird (Premnoplex brunnescens, Furnariidae)
