introduc e a notion of guarded rec ursive (g.r.) datatype c#w struc tors, generalizing the notion ofrec# rsive datatypes in func tional programming languages suc h as ML and Haskell. We address both theoret ic#t and prac# ic## issues resulted from this generalization. On one hand, we design a type system to formalize the notion of g.r. datatypec onstruc - tors and then prove the soundness of the type system. On the other hand, we present some signific ant applic ations (e.g., implementing objec ts, implementing stagedc omputation, etc# ) of g.r. datatype c# nstruc#S rs, arguing that g.r. datatypec onstruc torsc an have far-reac hingc onsequenc es in programming. The mainc ontribution of the paper lies in the rec#I0 ition and then the formalization of a programming notion that is of both theoretic# l interest and prac tic# l use.

Abstract. The framework Pure Type System (PTS) offers a simple and general approach to designing and formalizing type systems. However, in the presence of dependent types, there often exist some acute problems that make it difficult for PTS to accommodate many common realistic programming features such as general recursion, recursive types, effects (e.g., exceptions, references, input/output), etc. In this paper, we propose a new framework Applied Type System (ATS) to allow for designing and formalizing type systems that can readily support common realistic programming features. The key salient feature of ATS lies in a complete separation between statics, in which types are formed and reasoned about, and dynamics, in which programs are constructed and evaluated. With this separation, it is no longer possible for a program to occur in a type as is otherwise allowed in PTS. We present not only a formal development of ATS but also mention some examples in support of using ATS as a framework to form type systems for practical programming. 1

The wide practice of object-oriented programming in current software construction is evident. Despite extensive studies on typing programming objects, it is still undeniably a challenging research task to design a type system for objectoriented programming that is both e#ective in capturing program errors and unobtrusive to program construction. In this paper, we present a novel approach to typing objects that makes use of a recently invented notion of guarded dependent datatypes. We show that our approach can address various di#cult issues (e.g., handling "self " type, typing binary methods, etc.) in a simple and natural type-theoretical manner, remedying the deficiencies in many existing approaches to typing objects.