Suppose a discrete-time signal S(t), 0 t<N, is a superposition of atoms taken from a combined time/frequency dictionary made of spike sequences 1ft = g and sinusoids expf2 iwt=N) = p N. Can one recover, from knowledge of S alone, the precise collection of atoms going to make up S? Because every discrete-time signal can be represented as a superposition of spikes alone, or as a superposition of sinusoids alone, there is no unique way of writing S as a sum of spikes and sinusoids in general. We prove that if S is representable as a highly sparse superposition of atoms from this time/frequency dictionary, then there is only one such highly sparse representation of S, and it can be obtained by solving the convex optimization problem of minimizing the `1 norm of the coe cients among all decompositions. Here \highly sparse " means that Nt + Nw < p N=2 where Nt is the number of time atoms, Nw is the number of frequency atoms, and N is the length of the discrete-time signal.