. We consider the problem of coding planar graphs by binary strings. Depending on whether O(1)-time queries for adjacency and degree are supported, we present three sets of coding schemes which all take linear time for encoding and decoding. The encoding lengths are significantly shorter than the previously known results in each case. 1 Introduction This paper investigates the problem of encoding a graph G with n nodes and m edges into a binary string S. This problem has been extensively studied with three objectives: (1) minimizing the length of S, (2) minimizing the time needed to compute and decode S, and (3) supporting queries efficiently. A number of coding schemes with different trade-offs have been proposed. The adjacency-list encoding of a graph is widely useful but requires 2mdlog ne bits. (All logarithms are of base 2.) A folklore scheme uses 2n bits to encode a rooted n-node tree into a string of n pairs of balanced parentheses. Since the total number of such trees is...

This paper deals with compact shortest path routing tables on weighted graphs with n nodes. For planar graphs we show how to construct in linear time shortest path routing tables that require 8n + o(n) bits per node, and O(log 2+ n) bit-operations per node to extract the route, for any constant > 0. We obtain the same bounds for graphs of crossing-edge number bounded by o(n= log n), and we generalize for graphs of genus bounded by > 0 yielding a size of n log +O(n) bits per node. Actually we prove a sharp upper bound of 2n log k +O(n) for graphs of pagenumber k, and a lower bound of n log k o(n log k) bits. These results are obtained by the use of dominating sets, compact coding of non-crossing partitions, and k-page representation of graphs.

Abstract. We present a complete analytic solution to the problem of counting planar graphs. We prove an estimate gn ∼ g ·n −7/2 γ n n! for the number gn of labelled planar graphs on n vertices, where γ and g are explicit computable constants. We show that the number of edges in random planar graphs is asymptotically normal with linear mean and variance and, as a consequence, the number of edges is sharply concentrated around its expected value. Moreover we prove an estimate g(q) · n −4 γ(q) n n! for the number of planar graphs with n vertices and ⌊qn ⌋ edges, where γ(q) is an analytic function of q. We also show that the number of connected components in a random planar graph is distributed asymptotically as a shifted Poisson law 1+P(ν), where ν is an explicit constant. Additional Gaussian and Poisson limit laws for random planar graphs are derived. The proofs are based on singularity analysis of generating functions and on perturbation of singularities.

. We propose a fast methodology for encoding graphs with information-theoretically minimum numbers of bits. Specifically, a graph with property is called a -graph. If satisfies certain properties, then an n-node m-edge -graph G can be encoded by a binary string X such that (1) G and X can be obtained from each other in O(n log n) time, and (2) X has at most fi(n)+o(fi(n)) bits for any continuous super-additive function fi(n) so that there are at most 2 fi(n)+o(fi(n)) distinct n-node -graphs. The methodology is applicable to general classes of graphs; this paper focuses on planar graphs. Examples of such include all conjunctions over the following groups of properties: (1) G is a planar graph or a plane graph; (2) G is directed or undirected; (3) G is triangulated, triconnected, biconnected, merely connected, or not required to be connected; (4) the nodes of G are labeled with labels from f1; : : : ; ` 1 g for ` 1 n; (5) the edges of G are labeled with labels from f1; : : : ; ` 2 ...

Abstract. Let G be an embedded planar undirected graph that has n vertices, m edges, and f faces but has no self-loop or multiple edge. If G is triangulated, we can encode it using 4 m − 1 bits, improving on the best previous bound of about 1.53m bits. In case exponential time 3 is acceptable, roughly 1.08m bits have been known to suffice. If G is triconnected, we use at most (2.5 + 2 log 3) min{n, f} −7 bits, which is at most 2.835m bits and smaller than the best previous bound of 3m bits. Both of our schemes take O(n) time for encoding and decoding.

We give a complete enumeration of triangulated surfaces with 9 and 10 vertices. Moreover, we discuss how geometric realizations of orientable surfaces with few vertices can be obtained by choosing coordinates randomly. 1

ABSTRACT. We present a decomposition strategy for c-nets, i. e., rooted 3-connected planar maps. The decomposition yields an algebraic equation for the number of c-nets with a given number of vertices and a given size of the outer face. The decomposition also leads to a deterministic and polynomial time algorithm to sample c-nets uniformly at random. Using rejection sampling, we can also sample isomorphism types of convex polyhedra, i.e., 3-connected planar graphs, uniformly at random. RÉSUMÉ. Nous proposons une stratégie de décomposition pour les cartes pointées 3-connexes (c-réseaux). Cette décomposition permet d’obtenir une équation algébrique pour le nombre de c-réseaux suivant le nombre de sommets et la taille de la face extèrieure. On en déduit un algorithme de complexité en temps polynomiale pour le tirage aléatoire uniforme des c-réseaux. En utilisant une méthode à rejet, nous obtenons aussi un algorithme de tirage aléatoire uniforme pour les graphes planaires 3-connexes. 1.

We deal with the asymptotic enumeration of combinatorial structures on planar maps. Prominent instances of such problems are the enumeration of spanning trees, bipartite perfect matchings, and ice models. The notion of orientations with outdegrees prescribed by a function α: V → N unifies many different combinatorial structures, including the afore mentioned. We call these orientations α-orientations. The main focus of this paper are bounds for the maximum number of α-orientations that a planar map with n vertices can have, for different instances of α. We give examples of triangulations with 2.37 n Schnyder woods, 3-connected planar maps with 3.209 n Schnyder woods and inner triangulations with 2.91 n bipolar orientations. These lower bounds are accompanied by upper bounds of 3.56 n, 8 n and 3.97 n respectively. We also show that for any planar map M and any α the number of α-orientations is bounded from above by 3.73 n and describe a family of maps which have at least 2.598 n α-orientations.

A Catalan triangulation of the Mobius band is an abstract simplicial complex triangulating the Mobius band which uses no interior vertices, and has vertices labelled 1; 2; : : : ; n in order as one traverses the boundary. We prove two results about the structure of this set, analogous to well-known results for Catalan triangulations of the disk. The first is a generating function for Catalan triangulations of M having n vertices, and the second is that any two such triangulations are connected by a sequence of diagonal-flips.

3D triangle meshes are extremely used to model discrete surfaces, and almost always represented with two tables: one for geometry and another for connectivity. While the raw size of a triangle mesh is of around 200 bits per vertex, by coding cleverly (and separately) those two distinct kinds of information it is possible to achieve compression ratios of 15:1 or more. Different techniques must be used depending on whether single-rate vs. progressive bitstreams are sought; and, in the latter case, on whether or not hierarchically nested meshes are desirable during reconstruction. Index Terms — 3D mesh compression, connectivity & geometry coding, progressive meshes, subdivision surfaces. 1.