. The Lanczos process is a well known technique for computing a few, say k, eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of a large symmetric nn matrix. However, loss of orthogonality of the computed Krylov subspace basis can reduce the accuracy of the computed approximate eigenvalues. In the implicitly restarted Lanczos method studied in the present paper, this problem is addressed by fixing the number of steps in the Lanczos process at a prescribed value, k +p, where p typically is not much larger, and may be smaller, than k. Orthogonality of the k + p basis vectors of the Krylov subspace is secured by reorthogonalizing these vectors when necessary. The implicitly restarted Lanczos method exploits that the residual vector obtained by the Lanczos process is a function of the initial Lanczos vector. The method updates the initial Lanczos vector through an iterative scheme. The purpose of the iterative scheme is to determine an initial vector such that the associated residual vector is tiny....

Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of linear operators are important to many areas of ap-plied mathematics. The ability to approximate these quantities numerically is becoming increasingly important in a wide variety of applications. This increasing demand has fueled interest in the development of new methods and software for the numerical solution of large-scale algebraic eigenvalue problems. In turn, the existence of these new methods and software, along with the dramatically increased computational capabilities now available, has enabled the solution of problems that would not even have been posed five or ten years ago. Until very recently, software for large-scale nonsymmetric problems was virtually non-existent. Fortunately, the situation is improving rapidly. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the numerical solution of large-scale algebraic eigenvalue problems. The focus will be on a class of methods called Krylov subspace projection methods. The well-known Lanczos method is the premier member of this class. The Arnoldi method generalizes the Lanczos method to the nonsymmetric case. A recently developed variant of the Arnoldi/Lanczos scheme called the Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Method is presented here in some depth. This method is highlighted because of its suitability as a basis for software development.

In this paper we look at a number of approaches being investigated in the Center for Research on Parallel Computation (CRPC) to develop linear algebra software for high-performance computers. These approaches are exemplified by the LAPACK, templates, and ARPACK projects. LAPACK is a software library for performing dense and banded linear algebra computations, and was designed to run efficiently on high performance computers. We focus on the design of the distributed memory version of LAPACK, and on an object-oriented interface to LAPACK. The templates project aims at making the task of developing sparse linear algebra software simpler and easier. Reusable software templates are provided that the user can then customize to modify and optimize a particular algorithm, and hence build a more complex applications. ARPACK is a software package for solving large scale eigenvalue problems, and is based on an implicitly restarted variant of the Arnoldi scheme. The paper focuses on issues impact...

. The Truncated RQ-iteration (TRQ) can be used to calculate interior or clustered eigenvalues of a large sparse and/or structured matrix A. This method requires solving a sequence of linear equations. When these equations can be solved accurately by a direct solver, the convergence of each eigenvalue is quadratic in general and cubic if A is hermitian. An important question is whether the TRQ iteration will still converge if these equations are approximately solved by a preconditioned iterative solver. If it does converge, how fast is the convergence rate? In this paper, we analyze the convergence of an inexact TRQ iteration in which linear systems are solved iteratively with some error. We show that under some appropriate conditions, the convergence rate of the inexact TRQ is at least linear with a small convergence factor. Key words. Arnoldi method, Lanczos method, eigenvalues, Truncated RQ-iteration AMS subject classifications. Primary 65F15, Secondary 65G05 1. Introduction. In th...