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This paper is an attempt at a systematizing study of the proof theory of the intuitionistic predicate ¯; -logic (conventional intuitionistic predicate logic extended with logical constants ¯ and for the least and greatest fixpoint operators on positive predicate transformers). We identify eight proof-theoretically interesting natural-deduction calculi for this logic and propose a classification of these into a cube on the basis of the embeddibility relationships between these. 1 Introduction ¯,-logics, i.e. logics with logical constants ¯ and for the least and greatest fixpoint operators on positive predicate transformers, have turned out to be a useful formalism in a number of computer science areas. The classical 1st-order predicate ¯,-logic can been used as a logic of (non-deterministic) imperative programs and as a database query language. It is also one of the relation description languages studied in descriptive complexity theory (finite model theory) (for a survey on this hi...

We give an analysis of classes of recursive types by presenting two extensions of the simply-typed lambda calculus. The first language only allows recursive types with built-in principles of well-founded induction, while the second allows more general recursive types which permit non-terminating computations. We discuss the expressive power of the languages, examine the properties of reduction-based operational semantics for them, and give examples of their use in expressing iteration over large ordinals and in simulating both call-by-name and call-by-value versions of the untyped lambda calculus. The motivations for this work come from category theoretic models. 1 Introduction An examination of the common uses of recursion in defining types reveals that there are two distinct classes of operations being performed. The first class of recursive type contains what are generally known as the "inductive" types, as well as their duals, the "coinductive" or "projective" types. The distingui...

this paper was presented at California State University, Northridge. This work was partially supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research. References

This paper is a comparative study of a number of (intensional-semantically distinct) least and greatest fixed point operators that natural-deduction proof systems for intuitionistic logics can be extended with in a proof-theoretically defendable way. Eight pairs of such operators are analysed. The exposition is centered around a cube-shaped classification where each node stands for an axiomatization of one pair of operators as logical constants by intended proof and reduction rules and each arc for a proof- and reduction-preserving encoding of one pair in terms of another. The three dimensions of the cube reflect three orthogonal binary options: conventional-style vs. Mendler-style, basic (``[co]iterative'') vs. enhanced (``primitive-[co]recursive''), simple vs. course-of-value [co]induction. Some of the axiomatizations and encodings are well-known; others, however, are novel; the classification into a cube is also new. The differences between the least fixed point operators considered are illustrated on the example of the corresponding natural number types.