The set A is low for Martin-Lof random if each random set is already random relative to A. A is K-trivial if the prefix complexity K of each initial segment of A is minimal, namely K(n)+O(1). We show that these classes coincide. This implies answers to questions of Ambos-Spies and Kucera [2], showing that each low for Martin-Lof random set is # 2 . Our class induces a natural intermediate # 3 ideal in the r.e. Turing degrees (which generates the whole class under downward closure). Answering

The biinterpretability conjecture for the r.e. degrees asks whether, for each sufficiently large k, the # k relations on the r.e. degrees are uniformly definable from parameters. We solve a weaker version: for each k >= 7, the k relations bounded from below by a nonzero degree are uniformly definable. As applications, we show that...

Abstract not found

Abstract. We show that the class of strongly jump-traceable c.e. sets can be characterised as those which have sufficiently slow enumerations so they obey a class of well-behaved cost function, called benign. This characterisation implies the containment of the class of strongly jump-traceable c.e. Turing degrees in a number of lowness classes, in particular the classes of the degrees which lie below incomplete random degrees, indeed all LR-hard random degrees, and all ω-c.e. random degrees. The last result implies recent results of Diamondstone’s and Ng’s regarding cupping with supwerlow c.e. degrees and thus gives a use of algorithmic randomness in the study of the c.e. Turing degrees. 1.

A set X of nonnegative integers is computably enumerable (c.e.), also called recursively enumerable (r.e.), if there is a computable method to list its elements. Let E denote the structure of the computably enumerable sets under inclusion, E = (fW e g e2! ; `). We previously exhibited a first order E-definable property Q(X) such that Q(X) guarantees that X is not Turing complete (i.e., does not code complete information about c.e. sets). Here we show first that Q(X) implies that X has a certain "slowness " property whereby the elements must enter X slowly (under a certain precise complexity measure of speed of computation) even though X may have high information content. Second we prove that every X with this slowness property is computable in some member of any nontrivial orbit, namely for any noncomputable A 2 E there exists B in the orbit of A such that X T B under relative Turing computability ( T ). We produce B using the \Delta 0 3 -automorphism method we introduced earli...

Abstract We study the relationship between a computably enumerable real and its presentations: ways of approximating the real by enumerating a prefix-free set of binary strings.

We investigate three properties of the set of natural numbers which have been discovered independently by different...

. A major focus of research in computability theory in recent years has involved denability issues in degree structures. There has been much success in getting general results by coding methods that translate rst or second order arithmetic into the structures. In this paper we concentrate on the issues of getting denitions of interesting, apparently external, relations on degrees that are order-theoretically natural in the structures D and R of all the Turing degrees and of the r.e. Turing degrees, respectively. Of course, we have no formal denition of natural but we oer some guidelines, examples and suggestions for further research. 1. Introduction A major focus of research in computability theory in recent years has involved denability issues in degree structures. The basic question is, which interesting apparently external relations on degrees can actually be dened in the structures themselves, that is, in the rst order language with the single fundamental relation...

Abstract. We characterize the class of c.e. degrees that bound a critical triple (equivalently, a weak critical triple) as those degrees that compute a function that has no ω-c.e. approximation. 1.

. We give a decision procedure for the 89-theory of the weak truthtable (wtt) degrees of the recursively enumerable sets. The key to this decision procedure is a characterization of the finite lattices which can be embedded into the r.e. wtt-degrees by a map which preserves the least and greatest elements: A finite lattice has such an embedding if and only if it is distributive and the ideal generated by its cappable elements and the filter generated by its cuppable elements are disjoint. We formulate general criteria that allow one to conclude that a distributive upper semi-lattice has a decidable two-quantifier theory. These criteria are applied not only to the weak truth-table degrees of the recursively enumerable sets but also to various substructures of the polynomial many-one (pm) degrees of the recursive sets. These applications to the pm degrees require no new complexity-theoretic results. The fact that the pm-degrees of the recursive sets have a decidable two-quantifier theor...