Abstract. We show that every combinatorial model category is Quillen equivalent to a localization of a diagram category (where ‘diagram category’ means diagrams of simplicial sets). This says that every combinatorial model

Abstract. We give a model structure on the category of simplicial presheaves on some essentially small Grothendieck site T. When T is the Nisnevich site it specializes to a proper simplicial model category with the same weak equivalences as in [MV], but with fewer cofibrations and consequently more fibrations. This allows a simpler proof of the comparison theorem of [V2], one which makes no use of ∆-closed classes. The purpose of this note is to introduce different model structures on the categories of simplicial presheaves and simplicial sheaves on some essentially small Grothendieck site T and to give some applications of these simplified model categories. In particular, we prove that the stable homotopy categories SH((Sm/k)Nis, A 1) and SH((Sch/k)cdh, A 1) are equivalent. This result was first proven by Voevodsky in [V2] and our proof uses many of his techniques, but it does not use his theory of ∆-closed classes developed in [V3]. 1. The local projective model structure on presheaves We first recall some of the other well-known model structures on simplicial presheaves. Definition 1.1. A map f: X → Y of simplicial presheaves (or sheaves) is a local weak equivalence if f ∗ : π0(X) → π0(Y) induces an isomorphism of associated sheaves and, for all U ∈ T, f ∗ : πn(X, x) → πn(Y, f(x)) induces an isomorphism of associated sheaves on T/U for any choice of basepoint x ∈ X(U). The map f is a sectionwise weak equivalence (respectively sectionwise fibration) if for all U ∈ T, the map f(U) : X(U) → Y (U) is a weak equivalence (respectively Kan fibration) of simplicial sets. Heller [He] discovered a model structure on simplicial presheaves whose weak equivalences are the sectionwise weak equivalences. We will refer to his model structure as the injective model structure. Date: January 11, 2001. I would like to thank Dan Isaksen for his many helpful suggestions, and I thank my adviser Peter May for his encouragement and careful reading of many drafts. I am also grateful to Vladimir Voevodsky for noticing an error in an earlier version and for his work that inspired this note. 1 2 BENJAMIN BLANDER

Abstract. Begin with a small category C. The goal of this short note is to point out that there is such a thing as a ‘universal model category built from C’. We describe applications of this to the study of homotopy colimits, the Dwyer-Kan theory of framings, to sheaf theory, and to the homotopy theory of schemes. Contents

1.2. The axioms

this paper we try to lay some of the foundations of such a theory of categories `up to homotopy' or more exactly `up to coherent homotopies'. The method we use is based on earlier work on:

In this chapter I give a general procedure of transferring closed model structures along adjoint functor pairs. As applications I derive from a global closed model structure on the category of simplicial sheaves closed model structures on the category of sheaves of 2-groupoids, the category of bisimplicial sheaves and the category of simplicial sheaves of groupoids. Subsequently, the homotopy theories of these categories are related to the homotopy theory of simplicial sheaves. 1 Introduction There are two ways of trying to generalize the well known closed model structure on the category of simplicial sets to the category of simplicial objects in a Grothendieck topos. One way is to concentrate on the local aspect, and to use the Kan-fibrations as a starting point. In [14] Heller showed that for simplicial presheaves there is a local (there called right) closed model structure. In [2] K. Brown showed that for a topological space X the category of "locally fibrant" sheaves of spectra on ...

Abstract. We show that complete Segal spaces and Segal categories are Quillen equivalent to quasi-categories.

The purpose of this note is to describe the homotopy-theoretic version of sheaf theory developed in the work of Thomason [14] and Jardine [7, 8, 9]; a few enhancements are provided here and there, but the bulk of the material should be credited to them. Their work is the foundation from which Morel and Voevodsky build their homotopy theory for schemes [12], and it is our hope that this exposition will be useful to those striving to understand that material. Our motivating examples will center on these applications to algebraic geometry. Some history: The machinery in question was invented by Thomason as the main tool in his proof of the Lichtenbaum-Quillen conjecture for Bott-periodic algebraic K-theory. He termed his constructions ‘hypercohomology spectra’, and a detailed examination of their basic properties can be found in the first section of [14]. Jardine later showed how these ideas can be elegantly rephrased in terms of model categories (cf. [8], [9]). In this setting the hypercohomology construction is just a certain fibrant replacement functor. His papers convincingly demonstrate how many questions concerning algebraic K-theory or étale homotopy theory can be most naturally understood using the model category language. In this paper we set ourselves the specific task of developing some kind of homotopy theory for schemes. The hope is to demonstrate how Thomason’s and Jardine’s machinery can be built, step-by-step, so that it is precisely what is needed to solve the problems we encounter. The papers mentioned above all assume a familiarity with Grothendieck topologies and sheaf theory, and proceed to develop the homotopy-theoretic situation as a generalization of the classical case. In some sense the approach here will be the reverse of this: we will instead assume a general familiarity with homotopy theory, and show how the theory of sheaves fits in with perspectives already offered by the field.

Abstract. We exhibit examples of triangulated categories which are neither

Part I Preliminaries 1 The homotopy theory of simplicial sets........................... 3