. We present Bigloo, a highly portable and optimizing compiler. Bigloo is the first compiler for strict functional languages that can efficiently compile several languages: Bigloo is the first compiler for full Scheme and full ML, and for these two languages, Bigloo is one of the most efficient compiler now available (Bigloo is available by anonymous ftp on ftp.inria.fr [192.93.2.54]). This high level of performance is achieved by numerous high-level optimizations. Some of those are classical optimizations adapted to higherorder functional languages (e.g. inlining), other optimization schemes are specific to Bigloo (e.g. a new refined closure analysis, an original optimization of imperative variables, and intensive use of higher-order control flow analysis). All these optimizations share the same design guideline: the reduction of heap allocation. 1 Introduction Strict functional programming languages have many different variations, but they all belong to the same family, the so-calle...

We have added a Java virtual machine (henceforth JVM) bytecode generator to the optimizing Scheme-to-C compiler Bigloo. We named this new compiler BiglooJVM. We have used this new compiler to evaluate how suitable the JVM bytecode is as a target for compiling strict functional languages such as Scheme. In this paper, we focus on the performance issue. We have measured the execution time of many Scheme programs when compiled to C and when compiled to JVM. We found that for each benchmark, at least one of our hardware platforms ran the BiglooJVM version in less than twice the time taken by the Bigloo version. In order to deliver fast programs the generated JVM bytecode must be carefully crafted in order to benefit from the speedup of just-in-time compilers.

Since the C language is a machine independent low-level language, it is well-suited as a portable target language for the implementation of higher-order programming languages. This paper presents an efficient C code generator for Caml-Light, a variant of CAML designed at INRIA. Fundamentally, the compilation technique consists of translating ML code via an intermediate language named Sqil and the runtime system relies on a new conservative garbage collector. This scheme produces at the same time excellent performance and good portability.

Control flow analysis (cfa) is now well known but is not widely used in real compilers since optimizations that can be achieved via cfa are not so clear. This paper aims at showing that control flow analysis is very valuable in practice by presenting a fundamental optimization based on cfa: the closure representation algorithm, the essential optimizing phase of a -language compiler. Since naive and regular scheme to represent functions as heap allocated structures is far too inefficient, the main effort of modern functional languages compilers is devoted to minimize the amount of memory allocated for functions. In particular, compilers try to discover when a procedure can safely be handled without any allocation at all. Previously described methods to do so are ad hoc, depending on the language compiled, and not very precise. Using cfa, we present a general approach which produces better results. This refined closure analysis subsumes previously known ones and optimizes more than 80 % ...

this documentation is therefore a mere comparison to it. 2 Bigloo vs Scheme