QUickCheck is a tool which aids the Haskell programmer in formulating and testing properties of programs. Properties are described as Haskell functions, and can be automatically tested on random input, but it is also possible to define custom test data generators. We present a number of case studies, in which the tool was successfully used, and also point out some pitfalls to avoid. Random testing is especially suitable for functional programs because properties can be stated at a fine grain. When a function is built from separately tested components, then random testing suffices to obtain good coverage of the definition under test.

Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Getting Started 6 2.1 Your First Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 The Lava Interpreter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Your Second Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 Generating VHDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 Bigger Circuits 12 3.1 Recursion over Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2 Connection Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.4 Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4 Verification 18 4.1 Simple Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.2 Quanti

In this paper we investigate how partial evaluation and program transformations can be used on a real problem, namely that of speeding up airline crew scheduling. Scheduling of crew is subject to many rules and restrictions. These restrictions are expressed in a rule language. However, in a given planning situation much is known to be fixed, so the rule set can be partially evaluated wit respect to this known input. The approach is somewhat novel in that it uses truly static input data as well as static input data where the values are known only to belong to a set of values. The results of the partial evaluation is quite satisfactory: both compilation and running times have decreased by using it. The partial evaluator is now part of the crew scheduling system that Carmen Systems AB markets and which is in use at most of the major European airlines and in daily production. Keywords: Partial evaluation, program transformation, generalized constant propagation, airline crew scheduling. ...

Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Getting Started 6 2.1 Your First Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 The Lava Interpreter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Your Second Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 Generating VHDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 Bigger Circuits 12 3.1 Recursion over Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2 Connection Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.4 Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4 Verification 18 4.1 Simple Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.2 Quanti