Results 1 - 10
of
11
Defining, understanding, and supporting open collaboration: Lessons from the literature. American Behavioral Scientist
, 2013
"... The past twenty years have seen broad popularization of a relatively novel kind of human enterprise: open collaboration. Open collaboration projects are distributed, collaborative efforts made possible because of changes in information and communication technology that facilitate cooperative activit ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 7 (2 self)
- Add to MetaCart
The past twenty years have seen broad popularization of a relatively novel kind of human enterprise: open collaboration. Open collaboration projects are distributed, collaborative efforts made possible because of changes in information and communication technology that facilitate cooperative activities. The groundswell of open collaboration could be felt in the open source movement of the 90s but became unmistakable with the growth of projects like Wikipedia and, in particular, the maturation of research to help explain how and why such systems work, who participates, and when they might fail. By now thousands of scholars have written about open collaboration systems, many hundreds of thousands of people have participated in them, and millions of people use products of open collaboration every day. This special issue of American Behavioral Scientist assembles interdisciplinary scholarship that examines different aspects of open collaboration and the diverse systems that support it. The goal of this short introductory piece is to define open collaboration and contextualize a set of articles that span multiple disciplines and methods in a common vocabulary and history. We provide a definition of open collaboration and situate the phenomenon within an interrelated set of scholarly and ideological movements. We then examine the properties of open collaboration systems that have given rise to research and review major areas of scholarship, including the works in this issue, and close with a
People on Drugs: Credibility of User Statements in Health Communities
"... Online health communities are a valuable source of infor-mation for patients and physicians. However, such user-generated resources are often plagued by inaccuracies and misinformation. In this work we propose a method for auto-matically establishing the credibility of user-generated med-ical statem ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 5 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Online health communities are a valuable source of infor-mation for patients and physicians. However, such user-generated resources are often plagued by inaccuracies and misinformation. In this work we propose a method for auto-matically establishing the credibility of user-generated med-ical statements and the trustworthiness of their authors by exploiting linguistic cues and distant supervision from ex-pert sources. To this end we introduce a probabilistic graphi-cal model that jointly learns user trustworthiness, statement credibility, and language objectivity. We apply this methodology to the task of extracting rare or unknown side-effects of medical drugs—this being one of the problems where large scale non-expert data has the po-tential to complement expert medical knowledge. We show that our method can reliably extract side-effects and fil-ter out false statements, while identifying trustworthy users that are likely to contribute valuable medical information.
Reducing the history in decentralized interaction-based reputation systems
- in IFIP Networking
, 2012
"... Abstract. In decentralized interaction-based reputation systems, nodes store information about the past interactions of other nodes. Based on this information, they compute reputations in order to take decisions about future interactions. Computing the reputations with the complete history of intera ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract. In decentralized interaction-based reputation systems, nodes store information about the past interactions of other nodes. Based on this information, they compute reputations in order to take decisions about future interactions. Computing the reputations with the complete history of interactions is inefficient due to its resource requirements. Furthermore, the complete history of interactions accumulates old information, which may impede the nodes from capturing the dynamic behavior of the system when computing reputations. In this paper, we propose a scheme for reducing the amount of history maintained in decentralized interaction-based reputation systems based on such elements as the age of nodes, and we explore its effect on the computed reputations showing its effectiveness in both synthetic and real-world graphs.
Towards an intelligent network for matching offer and demand: From the sharing economy to the global brain
"... We analyze the role of the Global Brain in the sharing economy, by synthesizing the notion of distributed intelligence with Goertzel's concept of an offer network. An offer network is an architecture for a future economic system based on the matching of offers and demands without the intermedi ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
We analyze the role of the Global Brain in the sharing economy, by synthesizing the notion of distributed intelligence with Goertzel's concept of an offer network. An offer network is an architecture for a future economic system based on the matching of offers and demands without the intermediate of money. Intelligence requires a network of condition-action rules, where conditions represent challenges that elicit action in order to solve a problem or exploit an opportunity. In society, opportunities correspond to offers of goods or services, problems to demands. Tackling challenges means finding the best sequences of condition-action rules to connect all demands to the offers that can satisfy them. This can be achieved with the help of AI algorithms working on a public database of rules, demands and offers. Such a system would provide a universal medium for voluntary collaboration and economic exchange, efficiently coordinating the activities of all people on Earth. It would replace and subsume the patchwork of commercial and community-run sharing platforms presently running on the Internet. It can in principle resolve the traditional problems of the capitalist economy: poverty, inequality, externalities, poor sustainability and resilience, booms and busts, and the neglect of non-monetizable values.
the Singularity: Return to Eden? Promises and Perils on the Road to an Omnipotent Global Intelligence
"... Abstract: The concept of Singularity envisages a technology-driven explosion in intelligence. This paper argues that the resulting suprahuman intelligence will not be centralized in a single AI system, but distributed across all people and artifacts, as connected via the Internet. This “global brain ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
Abstract: The concept of Singularity envisages a technology-driven explosion in intelligence. This paper argues that the resulting suprahuman intelligence will not be centralized in a single AI system, but distributed across all people and artifacts, as connected via the Internet. This “global brain ” will function to tackle all challenges confronting the “global superorganism”. Its capabilities will extend so far beyond our present abilities that they are best conveyed as a pragmatic version of the “divine” attributes: omniscience (knowing everything needed to solve our problems), omnipresence (being available anywhere anytime), omnipotence (being able to provide any product or service at negligible cost) and omnibenevolence (aiming at the greatest happiness for the greatest number). By extrapolating present trends, technologies and evolutionary mechanisms, the paper shows that these abilities are likely to be realized within the next few decades. The resulting solution to all our individual and societal problems can be seen as a return to the “Garden of Eden”, the idyllic state of abundance and peace that supposedly existed before civilization. In this utopian society, individuals would be supported and challenged by the global brain to maximally develop their abilities, and to continuously create new knowledge. However, side effects of technological innovation are likely to create serious disturbances on the road to this utopia. The most important dangers are cascading failures facilitated by hyperconnectivity, the spread of psychological parasites that make people lose touch with reality, the loss of human abilities caused by an unnatural, passive lifestyle, and a conservative backlash triggered by too rapid changes. Because of the non-linearity of the system, the precise impact of such disturbances cannot be predicted. However, a range of precautionary measures, including a “global immune system”, may pre-empt the greatest risks, and thus secure our eventual return to Eden.
Review Article Creation of Reliable Relevance Judgments in Information Retrieval Systems Evaluation Experimentation through Crowdsourcing: A Review
"... License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Test collection is used to evaluate the information retrieval systems in laboratory-based evaluation experimentation. In a classic setting, generating relevance judgme ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Test collection is used to evaluate the information retrieval systems in laboratory-based evaluation experimentation. In a classic setting, generating relevance judgments involves human assessors and is a costly and time consuming task. Researchers and practitioners are still being challenged in performing reliable and low-cost evaluation of retrieval systems. Crowdsourcing as a novel method of data acquisition is broadly used in many research fields. It has been proven that crowdsourcing is an inexpensive and quick solution as well as a reliable alternative for creating relevance judgments. One of the crowdsourcing applications in IR is to judge relevancy of query document pair. In order to have a successful crowdsourcing experiment, the relevance judgment tasks should be designed precisely to emphasize quality control. This paper is intended to explore different factors that have an influence on the accuracy of relevance judgments accomplished byworkers and how to intensify the reliability of judgments in crowdsourcing experiment. 1.
The Illiterate Editor: Metadata-driven Revert Detection in
"... As the community depends more heavily on Wikipedia as a source of reliable information, the ability to quickly detect and remove detrimental information becomes increasingly important. The longer incorrect or malicious information lingers in a source perceived as reputable, the more likely that info ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
As the community depends more heavily on Wikipedia as a source of reliable information, the ability to quickly detect and remove detrimental information becomes increasingly important. The longer incorrect or malicious information lingers in a source perceived as reputable, the more likely that information will be accepted as correct and the greater the loss to source reputation. We present The Illiterate Edi-tor (IllEdit), a content-agnostic, metadata-driven classifica-tion approach to Wikipedia revert detection. Our primary contribution is in building a metadata-based feature set for detecting edit quality, which is then fed into a Support Vec-tor Machine for edit classification. By analyzing edit histo-ries, the IllEdit system builds a profile of user behavior, es-timates expertise and spheres of knowledge, and determines whether or not a given edit is likely to be eventually re-verted. The success of the system in revert detection (0.844 F-measure) as well as its disjoint feature set as compared to existing, content-analyzing vandalism detection systems, shows promise in the synergistic usage of IllEdit for increas-ing the reliability of community information. 1.
Collaborative Development of Data Curation Profiles on a Wiki Platform: Experience from Free and Open Source Software Projects and Communities
"... Wiki technologies have proven to be versatile and successful in aiding collaborative authoring of web content. Multi-tude of users can collaboratively add, edit, and revise wiki pages on the fly, with ease. This functionality makes wikis ideal platforms to support research communities curate data. H ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Wiki technologies have proven to be versatile and successful in aiding collaborative authoring of web content. Multi-tude of users can collaboratively add, edit, and revise wiki pages on the fly, with ease. This functionality makes wikis ideal platforms to support research communities curate data. However, without appropriate customization and a model to support collaborative editing of pages, wikis will fall sort in providing the functionalities needed to support collabora-tive work. In this paper, we present the architecture and design of a wiki platform, as well as a model that allow sci-entific communities, especially disaster response scientists, collaborative edit and append data to their wiki pages. Our experience in the implementation of the platform on Medi-aWiki demonstrates how wiki technologies can be used to support data curation, and how the dynamics of the FLOSS development process, its user and developer communities are increasingly informing our understanding about supporting collaboration and coordination on wikis.
