A new method called TIP (Tour Into the Picture) is presented for easily making animations from one 2D picture or photograph of a scene. In TIP, animation is created from the viewpoint of a camera which can be three-dimensionally "walked or flownthrough" the 2D picture or photograph. To make such animation, conventional computer vision techniques cannot be applied in the 3D modeling process for the scene, using only a single 2D image. Instead a spidery mesh is employed in our method to obtain a simple scene model from the 2D image of the scene using a graphical user interface. Animation is thus easily generated without the need of multiple 2D images. Unlike existing methods, our method is not intended to construct a precise 3D scene model. The scene model is rather simple, and not fully 3D-structured. The modeling process starts by specifying the vanishing point in the 2D image. The background in the scene model then consists of at most five rectangles, whereas hierarchical polygons are used as a model for each foreground object. Furthermore a virtual camera is moved around the 3D scene model, with the viewing angle being freely controlled. This process is easily and effectively performed using the spidery mesh interface. We have obtained a wide variety of animated scenes which demonstrate the efficiency of TIP.

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the relationship between incoming radiance and irradiance. Radiance and irradiance are basic optical quantities, and their relationship is of fundamental interest to many fields, including computer vision, radiative transfer, and computer graphics. Physically, we are interested in analyzing the properties of the light field generated when a homogeneous convex curved Lambertian surface of known geometry reflects a distant illumination field. A Lambertian surface reflects light proportional to the incoming irradiance, so analysis of this physical system is equivalent to a mathematical analysis of the relationship between incoming radiance and irradiance

We present an extension to texture mapping that supports the representation of 3-D surface details and view motion parallax. The results are correct for viewpoints that are static or moving, far away or nearby. Our approach is very simple: a relief texture (texture extended with an orthogonal displacement per texel) is mapped onto a polygon using a two-step process: First, it is converted into an ordinary texture using a surprisingly simple 1-D forward transform. The resulting texture is then mapped onto the polygon using standard texture mapping. The 1-D warping functions work in texture coordinates to handle the parallax and visibility changes that result from the 3-D shape of the displacement surface. The subsequent texture-mapping operation handles the transformation from texture to screen coordinates. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodologies and Techniques; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-...

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We present an image-based modeling and editing system that takes a single photo as input. We represent a scene as a layered collection of depth images, where each pixel encodes both color and depth. Starting from an input image, we employ a suite of user-assisted techniques, based on a painting metaphor, to assign depths and extract layers. We introduce two specific editing operations. The first, a "clone brushing tool," permits the distortion-free copying of parts of a picture, by using a parameterization optimization technique. The second, a "texture-illuminance decoupling filter," discounts the effect of illumination on uniformly textured areas, by decoupling large- and small-scale features via bilateral filtering. Our system enables editing from different viewpoints, extracting and grouping of image-based objects, and modifying the shape, color, and illumination of these objects.

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The 3D Image warping algorithm by McMillan and Bishop uses regular single-layered depth images (which are called reference images) as the initial input. Tears or gaps may appear in the output when the previously occluded areas are exposed in the new viewing position. Many reference images that are taken from different positions can be used to attenuate the occlusion problems but the rendering cost increases with the number of reference images. Also, combining the multiple reference images and eliminating the redundant information is a non-trivial problem. Recently, the Layered Depth Image (LDI) was proposed by Shade et al. to merge multiple reference images under a single center of projection. It tackles the occlusion problems by keeping multiple depth pixels per pixel location, while still maintaining the simplicity of warping a single reference image. However, it does not consider the issue of sampling rate. We present the LDI tree, which combines a hierarchical space partition scheme with the concept of LDI. It preserves the sampling rates of the reference images by adaptively selecting an LDI in the LDI tree for each pixel. While rendering from the LDI tree, we only have to traverse the LDI tree to the levels that are comparable to the sampling rate of the output image. We also present the progressive refinement feature and a "gap filling" algorithm by pre-filtering the LDI tree. We show that the amount of memory required is of the same order as the 2D reference images. This also bounds the complexity of rendering time to be less than directly rendering from all reference images. 1.

. Most current image-based rendering methods operate under the assumption that all of the visible surfaces in the scene are opaque ideal diffuse (Lambertian) reflectors. This paper is concerned with image-based rendering of non-diffuse synthetic scenes. We introduce a new family of image-based scene representations and describe corresponding image-based rendering algorithms that are capable of handling general synthetic scenes containing not only diffuse reflectors, but also specular and glossy objects. Our image-based representation is based on layered depth images. It represents simultaneously and separately both view-independent scene information and view-dependent appearance information. The view-dependent information may be either extracted directly from our data-structures, or evaluated procedurally using an image-based analogue of ray tracing. We describe image-based rendering algorithms that recombine the two components together in a manner that produces a good approximation to...

A large number of 3D models are created and available on the Web, since more and more 3D modelling and digitizing tools are developed for ever increasing applications. The techniques for content-based 3D model retrieval then become necessary. In this paper, a visual similarity-based 3D model retrieval system is proposed.