Techniques are described for reducing complexity in stringed instrument simulation for purposes of digital synthesis. These include commuting losses and dispersion to consolidate them into a single lter, replacing body resonators by look-up tables, simplied bow-string interaction, and single-lter, multiply-free coupled strings implementation. Contents 1 Digital Waveguide Theory 2 2 The Terminated String 4 3 Simplied Body Filters 5 4 Simplied Bowed Strings 8 5 Coupled Strings 10 6 Summary 14 7 Appendix 14 1 Page 2 1 Digital Waveguide Theory This section summarizes the digital waveguide model for vibrating strings. Further details can be found in [Smith 1992]. Position y (t,x) 0 x . . . . . . 0 K String Tension e = Mass/Length Figure 1: The ideal vibrating string. The wave equation for the ideal (lossless, linear, exible) vibrating string, depicted in Fig. 1, is given by Ky 00 = y where K = string tension y = y(t; x) = linear mass density _ y...

Recent research in physical modeling of musical instruments for purposes of sound synthesis is reviewed. Recent references, results, and outstanding problems are highlighted for models of strings, winds, brasses, percussion, and acoustic spaces. Emphasis is placed on digital waveguide models and the musical acoustics research on which they are based.