High-speed packet networks will begin to support services that need Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees. Guaranteeing QoS typically translates to reserving resources for the duration of a call. We propose a statedependent routing scheme that builds on any base stateindependent routing scheme, by routing flows which are blocked on their primary paths (as selected by the state-independent scheme) onto alternate paths in a manner that is guaranteed---under certain Poisson assumptions---to improve on the performance of the base state-independent scheme. Our scheme only requires each node to have state information of those links that are incident on it. Such a scheme is of value when either the base state-independent scheme is already in place and a complete overhaul of the routing algorithm is undesirable, or when the state (reserved flows) of a link changes fast enough that the timely update of state information is infeasible to all possible call-originators. The performance improvements ...

The paper studies routing in loss networks in the framework of a non-cooperative game with selfish users. Two solution concepts are considered: the Nash equilibrium, corresponding to the case of a finite number of agents (such as service providers) that take routing decisions, and the Wardrop equilibrium, in which routing decisions are taken by a very large number of individual users. We show that these equilibria do not fall into the standard frameworks of non-cooperative routing games. As a result, we show that uniqueness of equilibria or even of utilizations at equilibria may fail even in the case of simple topology of parallel links. However, we show that some of the problems disappear in the case in which the bandwidth required by all connections is the same. For the special case of a parallel link topology, we obtain some surprisingly simple way of solving the equilibrium for both cases of Wardrop as well as Nash equilibrium.

Abstract — We show that when memory is bounded, i.e. buckets are finite, dynamic hash tables that allow insertions and deletions behave significantly worse than their static counterparts that only allow insertions. This behavior differs from previous results in which, when memory is unbounded, the two models behave similarly. We show the decrease in performance in dynamic hash tables using several hash-table schemes. We also provide tight upper and lower bounds on the achievable overflow fractions in these schemes. Finally, we propose an architecture with contentaddressable memory (CAM), which mitigates this decrease in performance. A. Background I.

Abstract—Hash-based data structures, which use randomization in order to represent efficiently a list of elements, are one of the most-used data structures in networking applications, where both time and fast memory are scarce resources. This paper investigates the realistic scenario in which elements are not only added to the data structure but also deleted. We show that when the memory is bounded, dynamic hash-tables with deletions behave significantly worse than their static counterparts. This is contrast with previous results that show that when the memory is not bounded the two models behave practically the same. We provide tight upper and lower bounds on the achievable overflow fraction of the scheme under various models and system parameters. Then, we propose two architectures using CAMs and TCAMs that allow us to mitigate this decrease in performance. Our analytical results are confirmed using simulations with reallife traces and real hash-functions. A. Background I.