This paper describes and evaluates the feedback directed optimizations that are used in the Compaq C compiler tool chain for Alpha. The optimizations include superblock formation, inlining, commando loop optimization, register allocation, code layout, and switch statement optimization. The optimizations either are extensions of classical optimizations or are restructuring transformations that enable classical optimizations. Feedback directed optimization is highly effective, achieving a 17% speedup over aggressive classical optimization. Inlining contributes the most performance and code layout, superblock formation, and loop restructuring are also important. 1 Introduction When tuning programs, we often notice that the compiler has made poor optimization decisions. Compilers can only use the information they are given, and we usually know much more about a program than what is expressed in the source code. One important piece of information is the execution behavior of a program. How...

This paper describes and evaluates the profile-based optimizations in the Compaq C compiler tool chain for Alpha. The optimizations include superblock formation, inlining, commando loop optimization, register allocation, code layout, and switch statement optimization. The optimizations either are extensions of classical optimizations or are restructuring transformations that enable classical optimizations. Profile-based optimization is highly effective, achieving a 17% speedup over aggressive classical optimization on the SPECInt95 benchmarks. Inlining contributes the most performance and code layout, superblock formation, and loop restructuring are also important. 1. Introduction When tuning programs, we often notice that the compiler has made poor optimization decisions. Compilers can only use the information they are given, and we usually know much more about a program than is expressed in the source code. One important piece of information is the execution behavior of a pr...