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This paper reviews and extends recent scholarly and popular literature to provide a broad overview of how information technology (IT) impacts organizational characteristics and outcomes. First, based on a review of the literature, we describe two of the principal performance enhancing benefits of IT: information efficiencies and information synergies, and identify five main organizational outcomes of the application of IT that embody these benefits. We then discuss the role that IT plays in moderating the relationship between organizational characteristics including structure, size, learning, culture, and interorganizational relationships and the most strategic outcomes, organizational efficiency and innovation. Throughout we discuss the limitations and possible negative consequences of the use of

This study compares how workers in Norway and the United States use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Our data—72 in-depth interviews of advanced ICT users – were coded, analyzed, and placed into Hofstede’s four dimensional framework (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity). We proposed that ICT use comparisons between the two countries are congruent to Hofstede’s findings. We find partial support for these propositions. As expected, Norway and the US are similar on two dimensions (power distance and uncertainty avoidance), but contrary to expectations, they are also similar on the two dimensions where we expected differences (individualism and masculinity). We suggest possible explanations for these findings, including our focus on an expert-user subculture, external triggering events, and technical codes inscribed in Internet applications and software.

Increasingly organizations are utilizing geographically distributed teams to accomplish their goals. To a great extent this new way of working has been made possible by electronic communication technology. Yet even while managers are leveraging electronic communication technology to gain access to new knowledge and to enable new team configurations, they are concerned about the knowledge acquisition of distributed team members who interact primarily via electronic communication. The objective of this study is to deepen our understanding of the relationship of electronic communication technology use and team configuration with knowledge access in distributed teams. We do so by examining the communication networks of individuals in distributed teams, and the relationship of team configuration on those networks. We extend prior work on social networks and propose that individuals in distributed teams have two distinct communication networks that influence knowledge access: face-to-face and electronic networks. We find that these two networks differentially influence an individual’s level of knowledge access from team members. In addition, we find that the relationship of each of these networks with knowledge access level is influenced by how the team is physically configured and the size of the team. These findings suggest that achieving higher knowledge access levels in distributed teams is more complex than just increasing electronic and face-to-face communication. Rather it involves understanding how communication patterns, communication mode and team configuration interact to influence the level of knowledge access for each individual in the team. Arling Subramani Working Paper January 2006 1

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The aim of this paper is to consider some possible directions for the future development of our library cum remote storage facility at University College Cork (UCC) in Ireland and the impact of digital knowledge products on such a future. It is an exercise in crystal ball gazing. The paper attempts to explore an emerging intellectual landscape, one no longer bound by the implications of the physical storage of printed knowledge and it considers what the long term implications might be. It does this by seeking to frame questions about the unknown, about answers as yet to emerge out of what is known through past experience gained in a print technology culture. It questions possible futures for print collections. It questions what are the implications for the future storage of knowledge if we abandon print technology as a storage medium. The paper is in three parts beginning with a stage setting exercise which profiles what currently exists and which gestures towards a vision of what might be. This is followed by a questioning of the challenges and pathways which implementing change might imply. The paper concludes with some reflections. Its core theme is the possibilities remote storage could offer in the transition from print based to digital libraries. For the purposes of this paper the word digital is loosely defined to mean existence in electronic form and either created in that form or imaged from printed media. Knowledge is defined as information to which some form of intellectual modeling has been applied such as the added value of scholarship or wisdom. By print preservation, I mean preserving book collections not simply because they may carry texts which are not reproduced elsewhere in electronic from. But, because the libraries created from these collections, st...

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