Research in dependent type theories [M-L71a] has, in the past, concentrated on its use in the presentation of theorems and theorem-proving. This thesis is concerned mainly with the exploitation of the computational aspects of type theory for programming, in a context where the properties of programs may readily be specified and established. In particular, it develops technology for programming with dependent inductive families of datatypes and proving those programs correct. It demonstrates the considerable advantage to be gained by indexing data structures with pertinent characteristic information whose soundness is ensured by typechecking, rather than human effort. Type theory traditionally presents safe and terminating computation on inductive datatypes by means of elimination rules which serve as induction principles and, via their associated reduction behaviour, recursion operators [Dyb91]. In the programming language arena, these appear somewhat cumbersome and give rise to unappealing code, complicated by the inevitable interaction between case analysis on dependent types and equational reasoning on their indices which must appear explicitly in the terms. Thierry Coquand’s proposal [Coq92] to equip type theory directly with the kind of

Abstract. Proof search has been used to specify a wide range of computation systems. In order to build a framework for reasoning about such specifications, we make use of a sequent calculus involving induction and co-induction. These proof principles are based on a proof theoretic (rather than set-theoretic) notion of definition [13, 20, 25, 51]. Definitions are akin to (stratified) logic programs, where the left and right rules for defined atoms allow one to view theories as “closed ” or defining fixed points. The use of definitions makes it possible to reason intensionally about syntax, in particular enforcing free equality via unification. We add in a consistent way rules for pre and post fixed points, thus allowing the user to reason inductively and co-inductively about properties of computational system making full use of higher-order abstract syntax. Consistency is guaranteed via cut-elimination, where we give the first, to our knowledge, cut-elimination procedure in the presence of general inductive and co-inductive definitions. 1

A formalisation of pi-calculus in the Coq system is presented. Based on a de Bruijn notation for names, our...

We present a realizability interpretation of co-inductive types based on partial equivalence relations (per's). We extract from the per's interpretation sound rules to type recursive definitions. These recursive definitions are needed to introduce "infinite" and "total" objects of co-inductive type such as an infinite stream or a non-terminating process. We show that the proposed type system enjoys the basic syntactic properties of subject reduction and strong normalization with respect to a confluent rewriting system first studied by Gimenez. We also compare the proposed type system with those studied by Coquand and Gimenez. In particular, we provide a semantic reconstruction of Gimenez's system which suggests a rule to type nested recursive definitions.

Abstract. In this work we focus on a formalisation of the algorithms of lazy exact arithmetic à la Potts and Edalat [1]. We choose the constructive type theory as our formal verification tool. We discuss an extension of the constructive type theory with coinductive types that enables one to formalise and reason about the infinite objects. We show examples of how infinite objects such as streams and expression trees can be formalised as coinductive types. We study the type theoretic notion of productivity which ensures the infiniteness of the outcome of the algorithms on infinite objects. Syntactical methods are not always strong enough to ensure the productivity. However, if some information about the complexity of a function is provided, one may be able to show the productivity of that function. In the case of the normalisation algorithm we show that such information can be obtained from the choice of real number representation that is used to represent the input and the output. 1

We introduce a polymorphic #-calculus that features inductive types and that enforces termination of recursive definitions through typing. Then, we define a sound and complete type inference algorithm that computes a set of constraints to be satisfied for terms to be typable.

Modélisation de systèmes réactifs

Abstract We develop rules for coalgebras in type theory, and give meaning explanations for them. We show that elements of coalgebras are determined by their elimination rules, whereas the introduction rules can be considered as derived. This is in contrast with algebraic data types, for which the opposite is true: elements are determined by their introduction rules, and the elimination rules can be considered as derived. In this sense, the function type from the logical framework is more like a coalgebraic data type, the elements of which are determined by the elimination rule. We illustrate why the simplest form of guarded recursion is nothing but the introduction rule originating from the formulation of coalgebras in category theory. We discuss restrictions needed in order to preserve decidability of equality. Dedicated to Per Martin-Löf on the occasion of his retirement. 1.1