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EEG-based drowsiness estimation for safety driving using independent component analysis
- IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers
, 2005
"... Abstract—Preventing accidents caused by drowsiness has become a major focus of active safety driving in recent years. It requires an optimal technique to continuously detect drivers’ cognitive state related to abilities in perception, recognition, and vehicle control in (near-) real-time. The major ..."
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Cited by 27 (10 self)
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Abstract—Preventing accidents caused by drowsiness has become a major focus of active safety driving in recent years. It requires an optimal technique to continuously detect drivers’ cognitive state related to abilities in perception, recognition, and vehicle control in (near-) real-time. The major challenges in developing such a system include: 1) the lack of significant index for detecting drowsiness and 2) complicated and pervasive noise interferences in a realistic and dynamic driving environment. In this paper, we develop a drowsiness-estimation system based on electroencephalogram (EEG) by combining independent component analysis (ICA), power-spectrum analysis, correlation evaluations, and linear regression model to estimate a driver’s cognitive state when he/she drives a car in a virtual reality (VR)-based dynamic simulator. The driving error is defined as deviations between the center of the vehicle and the center of the cruising lane in the lane-keeping driving task. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of quantitatively estimating drowsiness level using ICA-based multistream EEG spectra. The proposed ICA-based method applied to power spectrum of ICA components can successfully (1) remove most of EEG artifacts, (2) suggest an optimal montage to place EEG electrodes, and estimate the driver’s drowsiness fluctuation indexed by the driving performance measure. Finally, we present a benchmark study in which the accuracy of ICA-component-based alertness estimates compares favorably to scalp-EEG based. Index Terms—Correlation coefficient, drowsiness, electroencephalogram, independent component analysis (ICA), linear
The Efficacy of Psychophysiological Measures for Implementing Adaptive Technology
, 2001
"... Adaptive automation refers to technology that can change its mode of operation dynamically. Further, both the technology and the operator can initiate changes in the level or mode of automation. The present paper reviews research on adaptive technology. The paper is intended as a guide and review ..."
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Cited by 24 (3 self)
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Adaptive automation refers to technology that can change its mode of operation dynamically. Further, both the technology and the operator can initiate changes in the level or mode of automation. The present paper reviews research on adaptive technology. The paper is intended as a guide and review for those seeking to use psychophysiological measures in design and assessing adaptively automated systems. It is divided into four primary sections. In the first section, issues surrounding the development and implementation of adaptive automation are presented. Because physiological-based measures show much promise for implementing adaptive automation, the second section is devoted to examining candidate indices and reviews some of the current research on these measures as they relate to workload. In the third section, detailed discussion is devoted to electroencephalogram (EEG) and eventrelated potentials (ERPs) measures of workload. The final section provides an example of how p...
Accessory stimulus effects on response selection: Does arousal speed decision making
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
, 1999
"... n When an intense but task-irrelevant “accessory” stimulus accompanies the imperative stimulus in a choice reaction task, reaction times (RTs) are facilitated. In a similar previous study (Hackley & Valle-Inclán, 1998), we showed that this effect is not due to a reduction of the interval from on ..."
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Cited by 20 (1 self)
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n When an intense but task-irrelevant “accessory” stimulus accompanies the imperative stimulus in a choice reaction task, reaction times (RTs) are facilitated. In a similar previous study (Hackley & Valle-Inclán, 1998), we showed that this effect is not due to a reduction of the interval from onset of the lateralized readiness po-tential (LRP) until movement onset. In the present study, the RT task was modiªed to move a portion of the response selection stage into this time interval. The in-terval remained invariant, indicating that this late phase of the response selection process is not speeded by accessory stimulation. However, we observed amplitude modulation of the LRP on no-go trials in a condition with three alternative responses. This ªnding suggests that an earlier phase of response selection is inºuenced by accessory stimulation. In addition, a novel dependent measure was introduced to event-related potential re-search—the latency of spontaneous, posttrial blink-ing. n
Combined Eye Activity Measures Accurately Estimate Changes in Sustained Visual Task Performance
, 2000
"... Five concurrent eye activity measures were used to model fatigue-related changes in performance during a visual compensatory tracking task. Nine participants demonstrated considerable variations in performance level during two 53-min testing sessions in which continuous video-based eye activity meas ..."
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Cited by 18 (2 self)
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Five concurrent eye activity measures were used to model fatigue-related changes in performance during a visual compensatory tracking task. Nine participants demonstrated considerable variations in performance level during two 53-min testing sessions in which continuous video-based eye activity measures were obtained. Using a trackball, participants were required to maneuver a target disk (destabilized by pseudorandom wind forces) within the center of an annulus on a CRT display. Mean tracking performance as a function of time across 18 sessions demonstrated a monotonic increase in error from 0 to 11 min, and a performance plateau thereafter. Individual performance fluctuated widely around this trend --- with an average root mean square (RMS) error of 2.3 disk radii. For each participant, moving estimates of blink duration and frequency, fixation dwell time and frequency, and mean pupil diameter were analyzed using non-linear regression and artificial neural network techniques. Individ...
Neonatal imitation in the first hour of life: Observations in rural Nepal
- Developmental Psychology
, 1988
"... Neonatal imitative responses were studied in 12 Maithil neonates (6 boys and 6 girls) during their first hour postpartum. No drugs were administered prior to or during labor, and the delivery was concluded without complications. The neonates observed two modeling conditions: lips widened and lips pu ..."
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Cited by 16 (0 self)
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Neonatal imitative responses were studied in 12 Maithil neonates (6 boys and 6 girls) during their first hour postpartum. No drugs were administered prior to or during labor, and the delivery was concluded without complications. The neonates observed two modeling conditions: lips widened and lips pursed. Itwas found that neonates moved their lips significantly more often in accordance with the model's lip position than at variance with the positions. These results suggest, when consid-ered in the light of studies of Caucasian infants of North American and European parentage, th t imitative capacity is present at bir h. Studies of neonatal imitation of adult facial expressions have provoked considerable controversy. Whereas some psycholo-gists have obtained evidence of imitative capacity (Field, Wood-
Estimating Driving Performance Based on EEG Spectrum Analysis
- EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING 2005:19, 3165–3174
, 2005
"... The growing number of traffic accidents in recent years has become a serious concern to society. Accidents caused by driver’s drowsiness behind the steering wheel have a high fatality rate because of the marked decline in the driver’s abilities of perception, recognition, and vehicle control abiliti ..."
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Cited by 8 (4 self)
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The growing number of traffic accidents in recent years has become a serious concern to society. Accidents caused by driver’s drowsiness behind the steering wheel have a high fatality rate because of the marked decline in the driver’s abilities of perception, recognition, and vehicle control abilities while sleepy. Preventing such accidents caused by drowsiness is highly desirable but requires techniques for continuously detecting, estimating, and predicting the level of alertness of drivers and delivering effective feedbacks to maintain their maximum performance. This paper proposes an EEG-based drowsiness estimation system that combines electroencephalogram (EEG) log subband power spectrum, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and linear regression models to indirectly estimate driver’s drowsiness level in a virtual-reality-based driving simulator. Our results demonstrated that it is feasible to accurately estimate quantitatively driving performance, expressed as deviation between the center of
An ERP indicator of processing relevant gestalts in masked priming
- Psychophysiology
, 2005
"... Briefly presented arrows, made indistinguishable by masks that contain arrows, inversely prime responses to following visible arrows. This inverse effect might reflect general regularities of masked priming or be either due to the task-relevant elements of the mask or to special features of arrows. ..."
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Cited by 7 (4 self)
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Briefly presented arrows, made indistinguishable by masks that contain arrows, inversely prime responses to following visible arrows. This inverse effect might reflect general regularities of masked priming or be either due to the task-relevant elements of the mask or to special features of arrows. Here we report a slow negative EEG potential recorded from the scalp above the visual cortex, which is evoked by masks that contain arrows. Even being evoked when arrows masks were presented in isolation, this ‘‘Nd-mask’ ’ appeared to be an obligatory response. YetNd-maskwas enhanced when primes and targets were arrows and was reduced in the other cases, and even reversed its polarity with ap-propriate control stimuli. These findings provide support both for the special status of arrows and for the notion of mask relevance. Nd-mask might be one instance of negative EEG potentials evoked by stimuli with familiar gestalts.
Blink before and after you think: Blinks occur prior to and following cognitive load indexed by pupillary responses
, 2008
"... Abstract Pupil dilation and blinks provide complementary, mutually exclusive indices of information processing. Though each index is associated with cognitive load, the occurrence of a blink precludes the measurement of pupil diameter. These indices have generally been assessed in independent liter ..."
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Abstract Pupil dilation and blinks provide complementary, mutually exclusive indices of information processing. Though each index is associated with cognitive load, the occurrence of a blink precludes the measurement of pupil diameter. These indices have generally been assessed in independent literatures. We examine the extent to which these measures are related on two cognitive tasks using a novel method that quantifies the proportion of trials on which blinks occur at each sample acquired during the trial. This measure allows cross-correlation of continuous pupil-dilation and blink waveforms. Results indicate that blinks occur during early sensory processing and following sustained information processing. Pupil dilation better reflects sustained information processing. Together these indices provide a rich picture of the time course of information processing, from early reactivity through sustained cognition, and after stimulusrelated cognition ends.
Aided Eyes: Eye Activity Sensing for Daily Life
"... Our eyes collect a considerable amount of information when we use them to look at objects. In particular, eye movement allows us to gaze at an object and shows our level of interest in the object. In this research, we propose a method that involves real-time measurement of eye movement for human mem ..."
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Our eyes collect a considerable amount of information when we use them to look at objects. In particular, eye movement allows us to gaze at an object and shows our level of interest in the object. In this research, we propose a method that involves real-time measurement of eye movement for human memory enhancement; the method employs gaze-indexed images captured using a video camera that is attached to the user’s glasses. We present a prototype system with an infrared-based corneal limbus tracking method. Although the existing eye tracker systems track eye movement with high accuracy, they are not suitable for daily use because the mobility of these systems is incompatible with a high sampling rate. Our prototype has small phototransistors, infrared LEDs, and a video camera, which make it possible
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"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
