This paper provides an overview of research developments toward nanometer-scale electronic switching devices for use in building ultra-densely integrated electronic computers. Specifically, two classes of alternatives to the field-effect transistor are considered: 1) quantum-effect and single-electron solid-state devices and 2) molecular electronic devices. A taxonomy of devices in each class is provided, operational principles are described and compared for the various types of devices, and the literature about each is surveyed. This information is presented in nonmathematical terms intended for a general, technically interested readership

In this report, a future scenario concerning the economic direction of the computing industry has been presented. This future scenario was based on past developments within the computing industry. The continued miniaturization of semiconductor components was discussed based on observed trends for transistors. The physical limitations for transistor devices were also addressed. The use of x-ray lithography for the construction of devices on a “nano-scale ” was considered. Next, cost trends within the microelectronics industry were explored. Although the cost per transistor has been observed to decrease, total equipment costs and facilities costs were observed to rise. Trend extrapolation was next used to predict the future cost per transistor and the number of transistors per chip. By taking the product of these two predicted quantities, an equation for the future manufacturing cost per chip was determined. A parametric cost estimation model (VHSIC Model) for the prediction of avionics computer system costs was modified to reflect the future performance parameters of nanoelectronics. Using data from the x86 design of Intel ® Microprocessor Chips, undetermined parameters of the Modified VHSIC Model were calculated. Next, future performance parameters were used in the model to predict the initial selling price of future chips. The resulting predictions from this model indicated that chip prices are expected to increase while the price per electronic function will decrease. Finally, profit-time models for semiconductor chips and transistors were derived. These models were used to predict the future profit for a chip or transistor.

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