In our research on Commonsense reasoning, we have found that an especially important kind of knowledge is knowledge about human goals. Especially when applying Commonsense reasoning to interface agents, we need to recognize goals from user actions (plan recognition), and generate sequences of actions that implement goals (planning). We also often need to answer more general questions about the situations in which goals occur, such as when and where a particular goal might be likely, or how long it is likely to take to achieve. In past work on Commonsense knowledge acquisition, users have been directly asked for such information. Recently, however, another approach has emerged—to entice users into playing games where supplying the knowledge is the means to scoring well in the game, thus motivating the players. This approach has been pioneered by Luis von Ahn and his colleagues, who refer to it as Human Computation. Common Consensus is a fun, self-sustaining web-based game, that both collects and validates Commonsense knowledge about everyday goals. It is based on the structure of the TV game show Family Feud. A small user study showed that users find the game fun, knowledge quality is very good, and the rate of knowledge collection is rapid.

We explore the role of negative relationships in the context of social networks in work organizations. Though network researchers have emphasized the benefits and opportunities derived from positive interpersonal relationships, we examine the social liabilities that can result from negative relationships in order to flesh out the entire “social ledger. ” We define a negative relationship as an enduring, recurring set of negative judgments, feelings, and behavioral intentions towards another person – one person dislikes another. We identify the factors that lead to negative relationships in the workplace as well as factors that may moderate the relationship between negative relationships and individuals ’ task and socioemotional outcomes. We argue that these negative relationships may have greater power than positive relationships to explain workplace outcomes. We derive our argument from theory and research on negative asymmetry. Negative Relationships in Networks 3 “A man’s stature is determined by his enemies, not his friends. ”-- Al Pacino, City Hall Employees in organizations are embedded in social networks that can provide opportunities and benefits such as job attainment, job satisfaction, performance, salary, power, and promotions

Distributed Human Computation (DHC) holds great promise for using computers and humans together to scaling up the kinds of tasks that only humans do well. Currently, the literature describing DHC efforts so far is segmented. Projects that stem from different perspectives frequently do not cite each other. This can be especially problematic for researchers trying to understand the current body of work in order to push forward with new ideas. Also, as DHC matures into a standard topic within humancomputer interaction and computer science, educators will require a common vocabulary to teach from. As a starting point, we offer a taxonomy which classifies and compares DHC systems and ideas. We describe the key characteristics and compare and contrast the differing approaches.

The attention economy motivates participation in peerproduced sites on the Web like YouTube and Wikipedia. However, this economy appears to break down at work. We studied a large internal corporate blogging community using log files and interviews and found that employees expected to receive attention when they contributed to blogs, but these expectations often went unmet. Like in the external blogosphere, a few people received most of the attention, and many people received little or none. Employees expressed frustration if they invested time and received little or no perceived return on investment. While many corporations are looking to adopt Web-based communication tools like blogs, wikis, and forums, these efforts will fail unless employees are motivated to participate and contribute content. We identify where the attention economy breaks down in a corporate blog community and suggest mechanisms for improvement. Author Keywords Blogging, blog readers, attention economy, workplace,

Consistent with the conceptualizations of participation and involvement in psychology, organizational behavior, consumer behavior, and other disciplines, this paper redefines the participation construct to distinguish its. behavioral and psychological dimensions. "User participation " is defined as the observable behavior of information system users in the information system development process; "user involvement " as a need-based attitude orpsychological state of users with regard to that process and to the resultant information system; and "user engagement " as the set of user behaviors and attitudes toward information systems and their development. A field study was conducted in a $40 billion interstate bank during the installation and conversion of an information system. A questionnaire was developed, pre-tested, and validated for internal consistency, temporal stabfity, factorial validity, and multicollinearity. Path analysis was used for theory testing (i.e., model comparison). There was strong empirical evidence to support: (1) that user involvement is something distinct from, although associated wit4 user participation; (2) that this psychological state of user involvement may be more important than user participation in understanding information system success; (3) that the behavioral-attitudinal theory of information system success @e., that participation "causes " involvement which mediates the participation-success relationship) is superior to the behavioral theory (i.e., participation "causes " success); and (4) that user engagement during the installation phase is strongly associated with user satisfaction. 1.

Global warming, and the climate change it induces, is an urgent global issue. One remedy to this problem, and the focus of this paper, is to motivate sustainable energy consumption behaviors by people. The development of feedback technologies providing real-time, continuous feedback of one’s energy usage has been used to motivate sustainable energy consumption behaviors. However, there is one important problem- they tend to use a “one-size-fitsall” solution, providing the same feedback to differently motivated individuals at different stages of readiness, willingness and ableness to change. In this paper, we synthesize a wide range of motivational psychology literature to develop a motivational framework based on the Transtheoretical (aka Stages of Behavior Change) model. We state the motivational goal(s) of each stage, followed by our recommendation(s) for designing feedback technologies in order achieve these goals. Each recommendation is supported by a rationale based on motivational literature, followed by a simple textual example to illustrate one way to apply the recommendation. Author Keywords Sustainability, feedback, motivational theory, design.

Abstract: This paper discusses seven propositions: • climate change and poverty are linked by the issue of vulnerability, • the hardest equity issues arise because of qualitative differences in the nature of climate change and policy impacts on the poor and those who are better off, • poverty cannot be understood in terms of lack of goods or income, or even basic needs, but must rather be understood in terms of people’s ability to participate in the social discourse that shapes their lives, • emerging multi-dimensional measures of poverty are much better than those based on income or needs, but may continue to underestimate sociocultural factors, • eliminating poverty and developing societal resilience require building social diversity, • climate change and policy impacts on the poor do not conform very well to analytic dichotomies of national and international, or intragenerational and intergenerational, • in the final analysis climate protection and poverty elimination may be most effectively achieved through local-level actors and their global networks.

Abstract. This paper presents a method to automatically spot and classify the valence and emotions present in written text, based on a concept we introduced- of emotion triggers. The first step consists of incrementally building a culture dependent lexical database of emotion triggers, emerging from the theory of relevance from pragmatics, Maslow´s theory of human needs from psychology and Neef´s theory of human needs in economics. We start from a core of terms and expand them using lexical resources such as WordNet, completed by NomLex, sense number disambiguated using the Relevant Domains concept. The mapping among languages is accomplished using EuroWordNet and the completion and projection to different cultures is done through language-specific commonsense knowledgebases. Subsequently, we show the manner in which the constructed database can be used to mine texts for valence (polarity) and affective meaning. An evaluation is performed on the Semeval Task No. 14: Affective Text test data and their corresponding translation to Spanish. The results and improvements are presented together with an argument on the strong and weak points of the method and the directions for future work. 1 1

This paper analyzes the relationship between employee satisfaction and long-run stock returns. A portfolio of the “100 Best Companies to Work For in America”earned an annual four-factor alpha of 4 % from 1984-2005. The portfolio also outperformed industryand characteristics-matched benchmarks, and the results are robust to the removal of outliers and other methodological changes. Returns are even more signi…cant in the 1998-2005 sub-period, even though the list was widely publicized by Fortune magazine. The Best Companies also exhibited signi…cantly more positive earnings surprises and stronger earnings announcement returns. These …ndings have three main implications. First, consistent with human capital-centered theories of the …rm, employee satisfaction is positively correlated with shareholder returns and need not represent excessive non-pecuniary compensation. Second, the stock market does not fully value intangibles, even when independently veri…ed by a highly public survey on large …rms. Third, certain socially

is assistant professor at Industrial Design Delft. He has a background as an industrial designer and obtained a PhD degree with research focused on emotional product experience. His main interest is the relationship between the design of products and the emotional responses they elicit. He is board member of the international Design & Emotion Society. More information on: www.DesigningEmotion.nl