High Performance Fortran (HPF), as well as its predecessor FortranD, has attracted considerable attention as a promising language for writing portable parallel programs for a wide variety of distributed-memory architectures. Programmers express data parallelism using Fortran90 array operations and use data layout directives to direct the partitioning of the data and computation among the processors of a parallel machine. For HPF to gain acceptance as a vehicle for parallel scientific programming, it must achieve high performance on problems for which it is well suited. To achieve high performance with an HPF program on a distributed-memory parallel machine, an HPF compiler must do a superb job of translating Fortran90 data-parallel array constructs into an efficient sequence of operations that minimize the overhead associated with data movement and also maximize data locality. This dissertation presents and analyzes a set of advanced optimizations designed to improve the execution perf...